Political Security Threat Prediction Framework Using Hybrid Lexicon-Based Approach and Machine Learning Technique

The internet offers a powerful medium for expressing opinions, emotions and ideas, using online platforms supported by smartphone usage and high internet penetration. Most internet posts are textual based and can include people’s emotional feelings for a particular moment or sentiment. Mo...

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Main Authors: Noor Afiza Mat Razali, Nur Atiqah Malizan, Nor Asiakin Hasbullah, Muslihah Wook, Norulzahrah Mohd Zainuddin, Khairul Khalil Ishak, Suzaimah Ramli, Sazali Sukardi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2023-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10048518/
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author Noor Afiza Mat Razali
Nur Atiqah Malizan
Nor Asiakin Hasbullah
Muslihah Wook
Norulzahrah Mohd Zainuddin
Khairul Khalil Ishak
Suzaimah Ramli
Sazali Sukardi
author_facet Noor Afiza Mat Razali
Nur Atiqah Malizan
Nor Asiakin Hasbullah
Muslihah Wook
Norulzahrah Mohd Zainuddin
Khairul Khalil Ishak
Suzaimah Ramli
Sazali Sukardi
author_sort Noor Afiza Mat Razali
collection DOAJ
description The internet offers a powerful medium for expressing opinions, emotions and ideas, using online platforms supported by smartphone usage and high internet penetration. Most internet posts are textual based and can include people’s emotional feelings for a particular moment or sentiment. Monitoring online sentiments or opinions is important for detecting any excessive emotions triggered by citizens which can lead to unintended consequences and threats to national security. Riots and civil war, for instance, must be addressed due to the risk of jeopardizing social stability and political security, which are crucial elements of national security. Mining opinions according to the national security domain is a relevant research topic that must be enhanced. Mechanisms and techniques that can mine opinions in the aspect of political security require significant improvements to obtain optimum results. Researchers have noted that there is a strong relationship between emotion, sentiment and political security threats. This study proposes a new theoretical framework for predicting political security threats using a hybrid technique: the combination of lexicon-based approach and machine learning in cyberspace. In the proposed framework, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine have been deployed as threat classifiers. To validate our proposed framework, an experimental analysis is accomplished. The performance of each technique used in the experiments is reported. In this study, our proposed framework reveals that the hybrid Lexicon-based approach with the Decision Tree classifier recorded the highest performance score for predicting political security threats. These findings offer valuable insight to ongoing research on opinion mining in predicting threats based on the political security domain.
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spelling doaj-art-c780879b5dcb4f31888e86ceb9a3b3662025-08-20T02:33:52ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-0111171511716410.1109/ACCESS.2023.324616210048518Political Security Threat Prediction Framework Using Hybrid Lexicon-Based Approach and Machine Learning TechniqueNoor Afiza Mat Razali0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5149-3907Nur Atiqah Malizan1Nor Asiakin Hasbullah2Muslihah Wook3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2075-4753Norulzahrah Mohd Zainuddin4Khairul Khalil Ishak5Suzaimah Ramli6Sazali Sukardi7Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaFaculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaFaculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaFaculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaFaculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaMaster of Technology, Management and Science University, Selangor, MalaysiaFaculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCyberSecurity Malaysia, Selangor, MalaysiaThe internet offers a powerful medium for expressing opinions, emotions and ideas, using online platforms supported by smartphone usage and high internet penetration. Most internet posts are textual based and can include people’s emotional feelings for a particular moment or sentiment. Monitoring online sentiments or opinions is important for detecting any excessive emotions triggered by citizens which can lead to unintended consequences and threats to national security. Riots and civil war, for instance, must be addressed due to the risk of jeopardizing social stability and political security, which are crucial elements of national security. Mining opinions according to the national security domain is a relevant research topic that must be enhanced. Mechanisms and techniques that can mine opinions in the aspect of political security require significant improvements to obtain optimum results. Researchers have noted that there is a strong relationship between emotion, sentiment and political security threats. This study proposes a new theoretical framework for predicting political security threats using a hybrid technique: the combination of lexicon-based approach and machine learning in cyberspace. In the proposed framework, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine have been deployed as threat classifiers. To validate our proposed framework, an experimental analysis is accomplished. The performance of each technique used in the experiments is reported. In this study, our proposed framework reveals that the hybrid Lexicon-based approach with the Decision Tree classifier recorded the highest performance score for predicting political security threats. These findings offer valuable insight to ongoing research on opinion mining in predicting threats based on the political security domain.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10048518/Cyberspacelexicon-based approachmachine learningnational securityopinion miningpolitical security
spellingShingle Noor Afiza Mat Razali
Nur Atiqah Malizan
Nor Asiakin Hasbullah
Muslihah Wook
Norulzahrah Mohd Zainuddin
Khairul Khalil Ishak
Suzaimah Ramli
Sazali Sukardi
Political Security Threat Prediction Framework Using Hybrid Lexicon-Based Approach and Machine Learning Technique
IEEE Access
Cyberspace
lexicon-based approach
machine learning
national security
opinion mining
political security
title Political Security Threat Prediction Framework Using Hybrid Lexicon-Based Approach and Machine Learning Technique
title_full Political Security Threat Prediction Framework Using Hybrid Lexicon-Based Approach and Machine Learning Technique
title_fullStr Political Security Threat Prediction Framework Using Hybrid Lexicon-Based Approach and Machine Learning Technique
title_full_unstemmed Political Security Threat Prediction Framework Using Hybrid Lexicon-Based Approach and Machine Learning Technique
title_short Political Security Threat Prediction Framework Using Hybrid Lexicon-Based Approach and Machine Learning Technique
title_sort political security threat prediction framework using hybrid lexicon based approach and machine learning technique
topic Cyberspace
lexicon-based approach
machine learning
national security
opinion mining
political security
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10048518/
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AT norasiakinhasbullah politicalsecuritythreatpredictionframeworkusinghybridlexiconbasedapproachandmachinelearningtechnique
AT muslihahwook politicalsecuritythreatpredictionframeworkusinghybridlexiconbasedapproachandmachinelearningtechnique
AT norulzahrahmohdzainuddin politicalsecuritythreatpredictionframeworkusinghybridlexiconbasedapproachandmachinelearningtechnique
AT khairulkhalilishak politicalsecuritythreatpredictionframeworkusinghybridlexiconbasedapproachandmachinelearningtechnique
AT suzaimahramli politicalsecuritythreatpredictionframeworkusinghybridlexiconbasedapproachandmachinelearningtechnique
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