Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica Beauv.var. major (Nees) C.E.Hubb
Abstract Background Polysaccharides are the main active components of Imperata cylindrica; however, research primarily targets its roots, with limited studies on flower-derived polysaccharides. Results Two polysaccharides, FIC-1 and FIC-2, were extracted from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica using...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00731-z |
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| author | Honglin He Haijun Huang Yunheng Yang Yi Liu Ailing Liang Yao Lei Chenghuai Tang Ling Yao Zhiwei Chen |
| author_facet | Honglin He Haijun Huang Yunheng Yang Yi Liu Ailing Liang Yao Lei Chenghuai Tang Ling Yao Zhiwei Chen |
| author_sort | Honglin He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Polysaccharides are the main active components of Imperata cylindrica; however, research primarily targets its roots, with limited studies on flower-derived polysaccharides. Results Two polysaccharides, FIC-1 and FIC-2, were extracted from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica using water extraction and ethanol precipitation. They were characterized by FT-IR, HPGPC, and SEM, with FIC-1 undergoing additional methylation and NMR analysis. FIC-1 was a neutral polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 5.3 kDa, while FIC-2 was an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 23.3 kDa. The two polysaccharides had distinct surface morphologies: FIC-1 had a rough, flocculent structure, while FIC-2 was smooth and lamellar. FIC-1’s main chain consists of →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, and →4,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→ linkages, with side chains mainly formed by α-L-Araf-(1→ linked at the O-4 position of →4,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→. Further analysis of FIC-1 indicated that it promoted M1 macrophage polarization, activated NF-κB signaling pathway, and enhanced glycolysis and phagocytosis. While FIC-1 did not directly kill cancer cells, the cytokine-rich medium from FIC-1-stimulated macrophages significantly inhibited the proliferation of LLC1, ID8, and Hepa1-6 cancer cells. Conclusions These findings provide useful evidence that support the development and potential clinical application of polysaccharides derived from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c77f35df39b24f3a8871e9ffb1d3f065 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2196-5641 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
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| series | Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-c77f35df39b24f3a8871e9ffb1d3f0652025-02-02T12:12:07ZengSpringerOpenChemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture2196-56412025-01-0112111510.1186/s40538-025-00731-zStructural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica Beauv.var. major (Nees) C.E.HubbHonglin He0Haijun Huang1Yunheng Yang2Yi Liu3Ailing Liang4Yao Lei5Chenghuai Tang6Ling Yao7Zhiwei Chen8Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing University of Chinese MedicineChongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Mingzheng Forensic Appraisal InstituteChongqing University of Chinese MedicineChongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityAbstract Background Polysaccharides are the main active components of Imperata cylindrica; however, research primarily targets its roots, with limited studies on flower-derived polysaccharides. Results Two polysaccharides, FIC-1 and FIC-2, were extracted from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica using water extraction and ethanol precipitation. They were characterized by FT-IR, HPGPC, and SEM, with FIC-1 undergoing additional methylation and NMR analysis. FIC-1 was a neutral polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 5.3 kDa, while FIC-2 was an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 23.3 kDa. The two polysaccharides had distinct surface morphologies: FIC-1 had a rough, flocculent structure, while FIC-2 was smooth and lamellar. FIC-1’s main chain consists of →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, and →4,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→ linkages, with side chains mainly formed by α-L-Araf-(1→ linked at the O-4 position of →4,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→. Further analysis of FIC-1 indicated that it promoted M1 macrophage polarization, activated NF-κB signaling pathway, and enhanced glycolysis and phagocytosis. While FIC-1 did not directly kill cancer cells, the cytokine-rich medium from FIC-1-stimulated macrophages significantly inhibited the proliferation of LLC1, ID8, and Hepa1-6 cancer cells. Conclusions These findings provide useful evidence that support the development and potential clinical application of polysaccharides derived from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00731-zImperata cylindricaPolysaccharidesImmunological activityM1 polarization |
| spellingShingle | Honglin He Haijun Huang Yunheng Yang Yi Liu Ailing Liang Yao Lei Chenghuai Tang Ling Yao Zhiwei Chen Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica Beauv.var. major (Nees) C.E.Hubb Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Imperata cylindrica Polysaccharides Immunological activity M1 polarization |
| title | Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica Beauv.var. major (Nees) C.E.Hubb |
| title_full | Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica Beauv.var. major (Nees) C.E.Hubb |
| title_fullStr | Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica Beauv.var. major (Nees) C.E.Hubb |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica Beauv.var. major (Nees) C.E.Hubb |
| title_short | Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the flowers of Imperata cylindrica Beauv.var. major (Nees) C.E.Hubb |
| title_sort | structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the flowers of imperata cylindrica beauv var major nees c e hubb |
| topic | Imperata cylindrica Polysaccharides Immunological activity M1 polarization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00731-z |
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