Lithium-ion battery RUL prediction based on optimized VMD-SSA-PatchTST algorithm

Abstract Accurate prediction of lithium-ion batteries’ remaining useful life (RUL) is critical for system reliability and safety. This study proposes a novel forecasting framework that fuses modal decomposition with the advanced PatchTST model. Initially, the Spearman correlation coefficient is empl...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pei Tang, Zetao Qiu, Zhongran Yao, Jiahao Pan, Dashuai Cheng, Xiaoyong Gu, Changcheng Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11934-7
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849237799211892736
author Pei Tang
Zetao Qiu
Zhongran Yao
Jiahao Pan
Dashuai Cheng
Xiaoyong Gu
Changcheng Sun
author_facet Pei Tang
Zetao Qiu
Zhongran Yao
Jiahao Pan
Dashuai Cheng
Xiaoyong Gu
Changcheng Sun
author_sort Pei Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Accurate prediction of lithium-ion batteries’ remaining useful life (RUL) is critical for system reliability and safety. This study proposes a novel forecasting framework that fuses modal decomposition with the advanced PatchTST model. Initially, the Spearman correlation coefficient is employed to identify features strongly associated with battery capacity. The Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) method is then used to break down the raw capacity sequence into a set of intrinsic mode functions. To enhance decomposition quality, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) optimizes the number of modes K and penalty factor α by minimizing mean envelope entropy. The selected features and decomposed components are subsequently input into a PatchTST network, whose hyperparameters are tuned via the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), to predict battery RUL. Experimental validation on the NASA Battery dataset and NASA Randomized Battery Usage Dataset demonstrates that the proposed WOA-VMD-SSA-PatchTST model consistently outperforms baseline models, including CNN, GRU and PatchTST, achieving superior prediction accuracy and robustness.
format Article
id doaj-art-c7775e8bb1344f48886dd1c243cfd033
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-c7775e8bb1344f48886dd1c243cfd0332025-08-20T04:01:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-11934-7Lithium-ion battery RUL prediction based on optimized VMD-SSA-PatchTST algorithmPei Tang0Zetao Qiu1Zhongran Yao2Jiahao Pan3Dashuai Cheng4Xiaoyong Gu5Changcheng Sun6School of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of TechnologySchool of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of TechnologySchool of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Wuxi Institute of TechnologySchool of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of TechnologySchool of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of TechnologyEngineering Research Center of New Energy Vehicle Energy Saving and Battery Safety, Wuxi Institute of TechnologySchool of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of TechnologyAbstract Accurate prediction of lithium-ion batteries’ remaining useful life (RUL) is critical for system reliability and safety. This study proposes a novel forecasting framework that fuses modal decomposition with the advanced PatchTST model. Initially, the Spearman correlation coefficient is employed to identify features strongly associated with battery capacity. The Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) method is then used to break down the raw capacity sequence into a set of intrinsic mode functions. To enhance decomposition quality, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) optimizes the number of modes K and penalty factor α by minimizing mean envelope entropy. The selected features and decomposed components are subsequently input into a PatchTST network, whose hyperparameters are tuned via the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), to predict battery RUL. Experimental validation on the NASA Battery dataset and NASA Randomized Battery Usage Dataset demonstrates that the proposed WOA-VMD-SSA-PatchTST model consistently outperforms baseline models, including CNN, GRU and PatchTST, achieving superior prediction accuracy and robustness.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11934-7Lithium-ion batteryRemaining useful lifeVariational modal decompositionPatch time series transformer
spellingShingle Pei Tang
Zetao Qiu
Zhongran Yao
Jiahao Pan
Dashuai Cheng
Xiaoyong Gu
Changcheng Sun
Lithium-ion battery RUL prediction based on optimized VMD-SSA-PatchTST algorithm
Scientific Reports
Lithium-ion battery
Remaining useful life
Variational modal decomposition
Patch time series transformer
title Lithium-ion battery RUL prediction based on optimized VMD-SSA-PatchTST algorithm
title_full Lithium-ion battery RUL prediction based on optimized VMD-SSA-PatchTST algorithm
title_fullStr Lithium-ion battery RUL prediction based on optimized VMD-SSA-PatchTST algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Lithium-ion battery RUL prediction based on optimized VMD-SSA-PatchTST algorithm
title_short Lithium-ion battery RUL prediction based on optimized VMD-SSA-PatchTST algorithm
title_sort lithium ion battery rul prediction based on optimized vmd ssa patchtst algorithm
topic Lithium-ion battery
Remaining useful life
Variational modal decomposition
Patch time series transformer
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11934-7
work_keys_str_mv AT peitang lithiumionbatteryrulpredictionbasedonoptimizedvmdssapatchtstalgorithm
AT zetaoqiu lithiumionbatteryrulpredictionbasedonoptimizedvmdssapatchtstalgorithm
AT zhongranyao lithiumionbatteryrulpredictionbasedonoptimizedvmdssapatchtstalgorithm
AT jiahaopan lithiumionbatteryrulpredictionbasedonoptimizedvmdssapatchtstalgorithm
AT dashuaicheng lithiumionbatteryrulpredictionbasedonoptimizedvmdssapatchtstalgorithm
AT xiaoyonggu lithiumionbatteryrulpredictionbasedonoptimizedvmdssapatchtstalgorithm
AT changchengsun lithiumionbatteryrulpredictionbasedonoptimizedvmdssapatchtstalgorithm