Occurrence of Pesticides, Mycotoxins, and Heavy Metals in Distilled Alcoholic Beverages: A Review of Contaminants and Health Risks
Distilled alcoholic beverages may contain pesticides, mycotoxins, and heavy metals originating from raw materials, environmental factors and technological processes. This review paper analyses the existing regulations related to these contaminants, their impact on health and the risk assessment asso...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1303 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850183731416924160 |
|---|---|
| author | Tomislav Rot Sunčana Gavran Jurislav Babić Ante Lončarić |
| author_facet | Tomislav Rot Sunčana Gavran Jurislav Babić Ante Lončarić |
| author_sort | Tomislav Rot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Distilled alcoholic beverages may contain pesticides, mycotoxins, and heavy metals originating from raw materials, environmental factors and technological processes. This review paper analyses the existing regulations related to these contaminants, their impact on health and the risk assessment associated with their consumption. Sources of contamination are discussed, including the influence of climatic conditions and emerging environmental risks on the occurrence of contaminants in raw materials, as well as the transfer of all contaminants during the distillation process. Furthermore, analytical detection methods and strategic measures to reduce consumer exposure are reviewed. The results of the review highlight the need for continued research, improvement of control methods and adaptation of regulatory standards in line with new scientific knowledge. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c773c6b0de5943e6a837d21f6ea47bd7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-c773c6b0de5943e6a837d21f6ea47bd72025-08-20T02:17:14ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-04-01148130310.3390/foods14081303Occurrence of Pesticides, Mycotoxins, and Heavy Metals in Distilled Alcoholic Beverages: A Review of Contaminants and Health RisksTomislav Rot0Sunčana Gavran1Jurislav Babić2Ante Lončarić3Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Tourism and Rural Development in Požega, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vukovarska ul. 17, 34000 Požega, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaDistilled alcoholic beverages may contain pesticides, mycotoxins, and heavy metals originating from raw materials, environmental factors and technological processes. This review paper analyses the existing regulations related to these contaminants, their impact on health and the risk assessment associated with their consumption. Sources of contamination are discussed, including the influence of climatic conditions and emerging environmental risks on the occurrence of contaminants in raw materials, as well as the transfer of all contaminants during the distillation process. Furthermore, analytical detection methods and strategic measures to reduce consumer exposure are reviewed. The results of the review highlight the need for continued research, improvement of control methods and adaptation of regulatory standards in line with new scientific knowledge.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1303distilled spiritspesticidesmycotoxinsheavy metalsmigration |
| spellingShingle | Tomislav Rot Sunčana Gavran Jurislav Babić Ante Lončarić Occurrence of Pesticides, Mycotoxins, and Heavy Metals in Distilled Alcoholic Beverages: A Review of Contaminants and Health Risks Foods distilled spirits pesticides mycotoxins heavy metals migration |
| title | Occurrence of Pesticides, Mycotoxins, and Heavy Metals in Distilled Alcoholic Beverages: A Review of Contaminants and Health Risks |
| title_full | Occurrence of Pesticides, Mycotoxins, and Heavy Metals in Distilled Alcoholic Beverages: A Review of Contaminants and Health Risks |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence of Pesticides, Mycotoxins, and Heavy Metals in Distilled Alcoholic Beverages: A Review of Contaminants and Health Risks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of Pesticides, Mycotoxins, and Heavy Metals in Distilled Alcoholic Beverages: A Review of Contaminants and Health Risks |
| title_short | Occurrence of Pesticides, Mycotoxins, and Heavy Metals in Distilled Alcoholic Beverages: A Review of Contaminants and Health Risks |
| title_sort | occurrence of pesticides mycotoxins and heavy metals in distilled alcoholic beverages a review of contaminants and health risks |
| topic | distilled spirits pesticides mycotoxins heavy metals migration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1303 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tomislavrot occurrenceofpesticidesmycotoxinsandheavymetalsindistilledalcoholicbeveragesareviewofcontaminantsandhealthrisks AT suncanagavran occurrenceofpesticidesmycotoxinsandheavymetalsindistilledalcoholicbeveragesareviewofcontaminantsandhealthrisks AT jurislavbabic occurrenceofpesticidesmycotoxinsandheavymetalsindistilledalcoholicbeveragesareviewofcontaminantsandhealthrisks AT anteloncaric occurrenceofpesticidesmycotoxinsandheavymetalsindistilledalcoholicbeveragesareviewofcontaminantsandhealthrisks |