The impact of long COVID on UK healthcare workers and their workplace: a qualitative study of healthcare workers with long COVID, their families, colleagues and managers
Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been particularly impacted by long COVID, with negative effects on their work patterns and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore the intersection between work and long COVID for HCWs, to understand the impact of long COVID on their profess...
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12677-x |
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| author | Amani Al-Oraibi Carolyn Tarrant Katherine Woolf Laura B. Nellums Manish Pareek |
| author_facet | Amani Al-Oraibi Carolyn Tarrant Katherine Woolf Laura B. Nellums Manish Pareek |
| author_sort | Amani Al-Oraibi |
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| description | Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been particularly impacted by long COVID, with negative effects on their work patterns and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore the intersection between work and long COVID for HCWs, to understand the impact of long COVID on their professional identify, their orientation to work, their wellbeing as professionals, and support needs and strategies for them as well as their managers to continue to work. Methods This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured online interviews with three groups: HCWs with long COVID, their support network members, and healthcare managers between March 2023 and May 2024. To maintain confidentiality and address concerns about workplace stigma, healthcare managers were not matched with specific HCWs. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling, until data saturation was reached, defined as the point at which no new insights or themes were identified. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results A total of 42 participants were interviewed from three groups, comprising 24 HCWs, five support network members, and 13 healthcare managers. Four key themes were identified describing experiences of long COVID for HCWs: (1) Living and coping with long COVID as a HCW, (2) Workplace impact and adjustments, (3) The uncertain nature of long COVID and challenges of the definition, and (4) Feelings of guilt, stigma and blame. Conclusion In conclusion, long COVID has created significant challenges not only for HCWs but also for their managers, who struggled with staffing shortages and lack of clear guidance, and support network members who experienced emotional strain while providing care. The combination of these challenges threatens NHS workforce stability and service delivery. Developing and embedding flexible, standardised workplace interventions—such as phased return-to-work policies and tailored occupational health support—could mitigate these impacts and inform scalable solutions across diverse healthcare systems. Enhanced training for healthcare managers and further research into culturally diverse coping mechanisms could improve support for affected HCWs, reduce stigma, and contribute to a more stable and resilient healthcare workforce. While based in the UK, these findings offer important insights for health systems globally that are grappling with the long-term workforce implications of long COVID. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c76d366b997d4338888c21e4c88efdf8 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1472-6963 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Health Services Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-c76d366b997d4338888c21e4c88efdf82025-08-20T03:10:14ZengBMCBMC Health Services Research1472-69632025-04-0125111310.1186/s12913-025-12677-xThe impact of long COVID on UK healthcare workers and their workplace: a qualitative study of healthcare workers with long COVID, their families, colleagues and managersAmani Al-Oraibi0Carolyn Tarrant1Katherine Woolf2Laura B. Nellums3Manish Pareek4Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of LeicesterDepartment of Population Health Sciences, University of LeicesterUniversity College London Medical SchoolCollege of Population Health, University of New MexicoDepartment of Respiratory Sciences, University of LeicesterAbstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been particularly impacted by long COVID, with negative effects on their work patterns and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore the intersection between work and long COVID for HCWs, to understand the impact of long COVID on their professional identify, their orientation to work, their wellbeing as professionals, and support needs and strategies for them as well as their managers to continue to work. Methods This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured online interviews with three groups: HCWs with long COVID, their support network members, and healthcare managers between March 2023 and May 2024. To maintain confidentiality and address concerns about workplace stigma, healthcare managers were not matched with specific HCWs. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling, until data saturation was reached, defined as the point at which no new insights or themes were identified. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results A total of 42 participants were interviewed from three groups, comprising 24 HCWs, five support network members, and 13 healthcare managers. Four key themes were identified describing experiences of long COVID for HCWs: (1) Living and coping with long COVID as a HCW, (2) Workplace impact and adjustments, (3) The uncertain nature of long COVID and challenges of the definition, and (4) Feelings of guilt, stigma and blame. Conclusion In conclusion, long COVID has created significant challenges not only for HCWs but also for their managers, who struggled with staffing shortages and lack of clear guidance, and support network members who experienced emotional strain while providing care. The combination of these challenges threatens NHS workforce stability and service delivery. Developing and embedding flexible, standardised workplace interventions—such as phased return-to-work policies and tailored occupational health support—could mitigate these impacts and inform scalable solutions across diverse healthcare systems. Enhanced training for healthcare managers and further research into culturally diverse coping mechanisms could improve support for affected HCWs, reduce stigma, and contribute to a more stable and resilient healthcare workforce. While based in the UK, these findings offer important insights for health systems globally that are grappling with the long-term workforce implications of long COVID.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12677-xLong COVIDHealthcare workersQualitative researchWorkplace supportCultural diversityWorkforce management |
| spellingShingle | Amani Al-Oraibi Carolyn Tarrant Katherine Woolf Laura B. Nellums Manish Pareek The impact of long COVID on UK healthcare workers and their workplace: a qualitative study of healthcare workers with long COVID, their families, colleagues and managers BMC Health Services Research Long COVID Healthcare workers Qualitative research Workplace support Cultural diversity Workforce management |
| title | The impact of long COVID on UK healthcare workers and their workplace: a qualitative study of healthcare workers with long COVID, their families, colleagues and managers |
| title_full | The impact of long COVID on UK healthcare workers and their workplace: a qualitative study of healthcare workers with long COVID, their families, colleagues and managers |
| title_fullStr | The impact of long COVID on UK healthcare workers and their workplace: a qualitative study of healthcare workers with long COVID, their families, colleagues and managers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of long COVID on UK healthcare workers and their workplace: a qualitative study of healthcare workers with long COVID, their families, colleagues and managers |
| title_short | The impact of long COVID on UK healthcare workers and their workplace: a qualitative study of healthcare workers with long COVID, their families, colleagues and managers |
| title_sort | impact of long covid on uk healthcare workers and their workplace a qualitative study of healthcare workers with long covid their families colleagues and managers |
| topic | Long COVID Healthcare workers Qualitative research Workplace support Cultural diversity Workforce management |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12677-x |
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