Performance of surface-modified glass fiber/matrix under coupled humid environments and cyclic loading: An atomistic investigation

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) tend to absorb water under long-term exposure, weakening the fiber/matrix interface and reducing mechanical properties. To improve their long-term performance, coupling agents are often used to modify the fiber surface and enhance interfacial bonding. Molecular dynam...

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Main Authors: Yize Li, Soon Yee Wong, Fang Yenn Teo, Zechuan Yu, Li Sun, Renyuan Qin, Yu Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425007549
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author Yize Li
Soon Yee Wong
Fang Yenn Teo
Zechuan Yu
Li Sun
Renyuan Qin
Yu Zheng
author_facet Yize Li
Soon Yee Wong
Fang Yenn Teo
Zechuan Yu
Li Sun
Renyuan Qin
Yu Zheng
author_sort Yize Li
collection DOAJ
description Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) tend to absorb water under long-term exposure, weakening the fiber/matrix interface and reducing mechanical properties. To improve their long-term performance, coupling agents are often used to modify the fiber surface and enhance interfacial bonding. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the role of γ-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) on the interfacial behavior of glass FRP composite under cyclic loading and moisture attack. Results showe that water molecules diffuse to the fiber/resin interface during fatigue, while fewer water molecules accumulate at the interface of modified glass fiber/epoxy compared to pristine glass fiber/epoxy interface by 33%. Due to the presence of hydrophobic propyl groups on the coupling agent, water molecules were resisted from the interface, and the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups in KH550 formed hydrogen bonds with water molecules, which further reduce interface damage from moisture attack. Modified glass fiber/resin interfaces exhibited 31% and 44% higher mean stress in dry and wet conditions, respectively, indicating improved bonding energy and stress resistance during fatigue simulations. These findings provide molecular-level insights into the fatigue behavior of composites in humid environments and suggest potential strategies to improve the durability of FRP composites.
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issn 2238-7854
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Journal of Materials Research and Technology
spelling doaj-art-c764cf7e32cb4dc186fb2069506800f42025-08-20T02:25:35ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-01362772278410.1016/j.jmrt.2025.03.244Performance of surface-modified glass fiber/matrix under coupled humid environments and cyclic loading: An atomistic investigationYize Li0Soon Yee Wong1Fang Yenn Teo2Zechuan Yu3Li Sun4Renyuan Qin5Yu Zheng6Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Disaster Prevention and Emergency Technologies for Urban Lifeline Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523000, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Disaster Prevention and Emergency Technologies for Urban Lifeline Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523000, China; Corresponding author.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Disaster Prevention and Emergency Technologies for Urban Lifeline Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523000, China; Corresponding author.Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) tend to absorb water under long-term exposure, weakening the fiber/matrix interface and reducing mechanical properties. To improve their long-term performance, coupling agents are often used to modify the fiber surface and enhance interfacial bonding. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the role of γ-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) on the interfacial behavior of glass FRP composite under cyclic loading and moisture attack. Results showe that water molecules diffuse to the fiber/resin interface during fatigue, while fewer water molecules accumulate at the interface of modified glass fiber/epoxy compared to pristine glass fiber/epoxy interface by 33%. Due to the presence of hydrophobic propyl groups on the coupling agent, water molecules were resisted from the interface, and the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups in KH550 formed hydrogen bonds with water molecules, which further reduce interface damage from moisture attack. Modified glass fiber/resin interfaces exhibited 31% and 44% higher mean stress in dry and wet conditions, respectively, indicating improved bonding energy and stress resistance during fatigue simulations. These findings provide molecular-level insights into the fatigue behavior of composites in humid environments and suggest potential strategies to improve the durability of FRP composites.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425007549Glass fiber reinforced compositesInterfaceSurface-modificationMolecular dynamics simulations
spellingShingle Yize Li
Soon Yee Wong
Fang Yenn Teo
Zechuan Yu
Li Sun
Renyuan Qin
Yu Zheng
Performance of surface-modified glass fiber/matrix under coupled humid environments and cyclic loading: An atomistic investigation
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Glass fiber reinforced composites
Interface
Surface-modification
Molecular dynamics simulations
title Performance of surface-modified glass fiber/matrix under coupled humid environments and cyclic loading: An atomistic investigation
title_full Performance of surface-modified glass fiber/matrix under coupled humid environments and cyclic loading: An atomistic investigation
title_fullStr Performance of surface-modified glass fiber/matrix under coupled humid environments and cyclic loading: An atomistic investigation
title_full_unstemmed Performance of surface-modified glass fiber/matrix under coupled humid environments and cyclic loading: An atomistic investigation
title_short Performance of surface-modified glass fiber/matrix under coupled humid environments and cyclic loading: An atomistic investigation
title_sort performance of surface modified glass fiber matrix under coupled humid environments and cyclic loading an atomistic investigation
topic Glass fiber reinforced composites
Interface
Surface-modification
Molecular dynamics simulations
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425007549
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