Fusariotoxins Concentration in Common Wheat Grain Depending on the Farming System (Organic vs. Integrated vs. Conventional) and Changes During Grain Processing
Currently, the EU is focusing on less intensive agrotechnology and sustainable development. It is important to minimize the occurrence of mycotoxins (including <i>Fusariotixins</i>) in food, and to monitor mycotoxin concentration in the food chain. Therefore, this study evaluated <i&g...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-10-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2535 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850149559779459072 |
|---|---|
| author | Katarzyna Wysocka Grażyna Cacak-Pietrzak Maciej Buśko Marcin Studnicki |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Wysocka Grażyna Cacak-Pietrzak Maciej Buśko Marcin Studnicki |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Wysocka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, the EU is focusing on less intensive agrotechnology and sustainable development. It is important to minimize the occurrence of mycotoxins (including <i>Fusariotixins</i>) in food, and to monitor mycotoxin concentration in the food chain. Therefore, this study evaluated <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxin contamination, specifically type A and B trichothecenes and ergosterol concentration, in wheat grain from a three-year field experiment (2019–2021) conducted at IUNG-PIB in Osiny (Poland), along with its byproducts (bran, flour, bread). Four wheat cultivars were grown under different farming systems: organic (ORG), integrated (INT), and conventional (CONV). Ergosterol was analyzed using HPLC with an absorbance detector while Type A and B trichothecenes were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results showed that the farming system significantly influenced type B trichothecenes concentration in grain, with the highest concentration established in ORG-grown wheat. However, the grain concentration from the INT farming system was comparable to that from CONV. Type A trichothecenes concentrations were low and not significantly affected by the farming system. Bran exhibited the highest ergosterol and mycotoxin concentration, while flour and bread exhibited the lowest. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c7621a8ad59b406facb252068f6cffe8 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-c7621a8ad59b406facb252068f6cffe82025-08-20T02:26:51ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-10-011411253510.3390/agronomy14112535Fusariotoxins Concentration in Common Wheat Grain Depending on the Farming System (Organic vs. Integrated vs. Conventional) and Changes During Grain ProcessingKatarzyna Wysocka0Grażyna Cacak-Pietrzak1Maciej Buśko2Marcin Studnicki3Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska, 159C Street, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska, 159C Street, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75 Street, 60-625 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Biometry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandCurrently, the EU is focusing on less intensive agrotechnology and sustainable development. It is important to minimize the occurrence of mycotoxins (including <i>Fusariotixins</i>) in food, and to monitor mycotoxin concentration in the food chain. Therefore, this study evaluated <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxin contamination, specifically type A and B trichothecenes and ergosterol concentration, in wheat grain from a three-year field experiment (2019–2021) conducted at IUNG-PIB in Osiny (Poland), along with its byproducts (bran, flour, bread). Four wheat cultivars were grown under different farming systems: organic (ORG), integrated (INT), and conventional (CONV). Ergosterol was analyzed using HPLC with an absorbance detector while Type A and B trichothecenes were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results showed that the farming system significantly influenced type B trichothecenes concentration in grain, with the highest concentration established in ORG-grown wheat. However, the grain concentration from the INT farming system was comparable to that from CONV. Type A trichothecenes concentrations were low and not significantly affected by the farming system. Bran exhibited the highest ergosterol and mycotoxin concentration, while flour and bread exhibited the lowest.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2535wheat grainbranflourbreadfusarium head blighttype A and B trichothecenes |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Wysocka Grażyna Cacak-Pietrzak Maciej Buśko Marcin Studnicki Fusariotoxins Concentration in Common Wheat Grain Depending on the Farming System (Organic vs. Integrated vs. Conventional) and Changes During Grain Processing Agronomy wheat grain bran flour bread fusarium head blight type A and B trichothecenes |
| title | Fusariotoxins Concentration in Common Wheat Grain Depending on the Farming System (Organic vs. Integrated vs. Conventional) and Changes During Grain Processing |
| title_full | Fusariotoxins Concentration in Common Wheat Grain Depending on the Farming System (Organic vs. Integrated vs. Conventional) and Changes During Grain Processing |
| title_fullStr | Fusariotoxins Concentration in Common Wheat Grain Depending on the Farming System (Organic vs. Integrated vs. Conventional) and Changes During Grain Processing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fusariotoxins Concentration in Common Wheat Grain Depending on the Farming System (Organic vs. Integrated vs. Conventional) and Changes During Grain Processing |
| title_short | Fusariotoxins Concentration in Common Wheat Grain Depending on the Farming System (Organic vs. Integrated vs. Conventional) and Changes During Grain Processing |
| title_sort | fusariotoxins concentration in common wheat grain depending on the farming system organic vs integrated vs conventional and changes during grain processing |
| topic | wheat grain bran flour bread fusarium head blight type A and B trichothecenes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2535 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katarzynawysocka fusariotoxinsconcentrationincommonwheatgraindependingonthefarmingsystemorganicvsintegratedvsconventionalandchangesduringgrainprocessing AT grazynacacakpietrzak fusariotoxinsconcentrationincommonwheatgraindependingonthefarmingsystemorganicvsintegratedvsconventionalandchangesduringgrainprocessing AT maciejbusko fusariotoxinsconcentrationincommonwheatgraindependingonthefarmingsystemorganicvsintegratedvsconventionalandchangesduringgrainprocessing AT marcinstudnicki fusariotoxinsconcentrationincommonwheatgraindependingonthefarmingsystemorganicvsintegratedvsconventionalandchangesduringgrainprocessing |