Learning Number Notations – Comparison of a Sign-Value and Place-Value System

Although numbers are universal, there are great differences between languages and cultures in terms of how they are represented. Numerical notation can influence number processing. Two well-known types of notational systems are sign-value, such as the Roman numeral system, and place-value systems, s...

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Main Authors: Hanna Weiers, Camilla Gilmore, Matthew Inglis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PsychOpen GOLD/ Leibniz Insitute for Psychology 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Numerical Cognition
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.5964/jnc.13401
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author Hanna Weiers
Camilla Gilmore
Matthew Inglis
author_facet Hanna Weiers
Camilla Gilmore
Matthew Inglis
author_sort Hanna Weiers
collection DOAJ
description Although numbers are universal, there are great differences between languages and cultures in terms of how they are represented. Numerical notation can influence number processing. Two well-known types of notational systems are sign-value, such as the Roman numeral system, and place-value systems, such as the Indo-Arabic numeral system. What is involved in learning each system? Here we report a study that investigated adults’ abilities to implicitly learn an artificially created sign-value or place-value system. We asked if they could perform symbolic comparison and ordering tasks using the novel symbol system. We found adults could learn the ordinal meaning of symbols within either system and were able to extend the system to symbols not encountered during training. There was a relative advantage of the sign-value system over the place-value system for expressions encountered during the training, but also for expressions that had not previously been encountered. These results shed light on how easily the structure of place-value and sign-value systems can be learned.
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publisher PsychOpen GOLD/ Leibniz Insitute for Psychology
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spelling doaj-art-c75c34443e784f6ead77ce33b970b6de2025-08-20T02:16:05ZengPsychOpen GOLD/ Leibniz Insitute for PsychologyJournal of Numerical Cognition2363-87612025-03-011110.5964/jnc.13401jnc.13401Learning Number Notations – Comparison of a Sign-Value and Place-Value SystemHanna Weiers0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-6856Camilla Gilmore1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-2683Matthew Inglis2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7617-4689Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United KingdomCentre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United KingdomCentre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United KingdomAlthough numbers are universal, there are great differences between languages and cultures in terms of how they are represented. Numerical notation can influence number processing. Two well-known types of notational systems are sign-value, such as the Roman numeral system, and place-value systems, such as the Indo-Arabic numeral system. What is involved in learning each system? Here we report a study that investigated adults’ abilities to implicitly learn an artificially created sign-value or place-value system. We asked if they could perform symbolic comparison and ordering tasks using the novel symbol system. We found adults could learn the ordinal meaning of symbols within either system and were able to extend the system to symbols not encountered during training. There was a relative advantage of the sign-value system over the place-value system for expressions encountered during the training, but also for expressions that had not previously been encountered. These results shed light on how easily the structure of place-value and sign-value systems can be learned.https://doi.org/10.5964/jnc.13401artificial symbol learningplace-value systemsign-value systemsymbolic comparison task
spellingShingle Hanna Weiers
Camilla Gilmore
Matthew Inglis
Learning Number Notations – Comparison of a Sign-Value and Place-Value System
Journal of Numerical Cognition
artificial symbol learning
place-value system
sign-value system
symbolic comparison task
title Learning Number Notations – Comparison of a Sign-Value and Place-Value System
title_full Learning Number Notations – Comparison of a Sign-Value and Place-Value System
title_fullStr Learning Number Notations – Comparison of a Sign-Value and Place-Value System
title_full_unstemmed Learning Number Notations – Comparison of a Sign-Value and Place-Value System
title_short Learning Number Notations – Comparison of a Sign-Value and Place-Value System
title_sort learning number notations comparison of a sign value and place value system
topic artificial symbol learning
place-value system
sign-value system
symbolic comparison task
url https://doi.org/10.5964/jnc.13401
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AT camillagilmore learningnumbernotationscomparisonofasignvalueandplacevaluesystem
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