A multi-dimensional analysis of integrated farming system in salt-affected ecologies

The horizontal expansion of the arable areas seems infeasible with dwindling natural resources and declining the average size of landholdings. For harnessing the economic, environmental and social benefits of vertical expansion, the Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) could be instrumental in sustaini...

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Main Authors: RAJKUMAR, SURESH KUMAR, RAM KISHOR FAGODIYA, AWTAR SINGH, PARVENDER SHEORAN, GAJENDER YADAV, NIRMAL SINGH, SUBHASIS MANDAL, R K YADAV
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Indian Council of Agricultural Research 2025-03-01
Series:The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
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Online Access:https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570
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author RAJKUMAR
SURESH KUMAR
RAM KISHOR FAGODIYA
AWTAR SINGH
PARVENDER SHEORAN
GAJENDER YADAV
NIRMAL SINGH
SUBHASIS MANDAL
R K YADAV
author_facet RAJKUMAR
SURESH KUMAR
RAM KISHOR FAGODIYA
AWTAR SINGH
PARVENDER SHEORAN
GAJENDER YADAV
NIRMAL SINGH
SUBHASIS MANDAL
R K YADAV
author_sort RAJKUMAR
collection DOAJ
description The horizontal expansion of the arable areas seems infeasible with dwindling natural resources and declining the average size of landholdings. For harnessing the economic, environmental and social benefits of vertical expansion, the Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) could be instrumental in sustaining the livelihood security of the resource-poor farmers dwelling in the degraded areas. An IFS model of 2 ha was designed covering three major components, namely, grain, horticultural crops and subsidiary at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal and data from the year 2021–23 was considered for present study. A multi-dimensional analysis covering the financial (net present value, benefit: cost ratio and internal rate of return), soil health (total organic carbon and nitrogen) and environmental (carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission) parameters was carried out of an IFS model developed by ICAR- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. The findings showed that IFS generates more net return i.e., Rs 66596 than conventional rice-wheat system of equivalent scale (2.0 ha). Additionally, along with improved soil health, the IFS generated lesser (~13.25%) GHG emission as compared to the conventional rice-wheat system. To enhance carbon sequestration in the Integrated Farming System (IFS), more perennial trees should be planted in underutilized areas, especially along boundaries. This is vital for achieving net-zero emissions. Despite its financial viability and environmental benefits, the IFS has low adoption rates. Financial assessments show that economic incentives for initial investments are necessary to encourage wider adoption.
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spelling doaj-art-c75743b2e4fc4d01b5ebf14e9729ed6d2025-08-20T02:47:25ZengIndian Council of Agricultural ResearchThe Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences0019-50222394-33192025-03-0195310.56093/ijas.v95i3.162570A multi-dimensional analysis of integrated farming system in salt-affected ecologiesRAJKUMAR0SURESH KUMAR1RAM KISHOR FAGODIYA2AWTAR SINGH3PARVENDER SHEORAN4GAJENDER YADAV5NIRMAL SINGH6SUBHASIS MANDAL7R K YADAV8ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana132 001, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana132 001, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana132 001, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana132 001, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana132 001, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana132 001, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana132 001, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana132 001, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana132 001, India The horizontal expansion of the arable areas seems infeasible with dwindling natural resources and declining the average size of landholdings. For harnessing the economic, environmental and social benefits of vertical expansion, the Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) could be instrumental in sustaining the livelihood security of the resource-poor farmers dwelling in the degraded areas. An IFS model of 2 ha was designed covering three major components, namely, grain, horticultural crops and subsidiary at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal and data from the year 2021–23 was considered for present study. A multi-dimensional analysis covering the financial (net present value, benefit: cost ratio and internal rate of return), soil health (total organic carbon and nitrogen) and environmental (carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission) parameters was carried out of an IFS model developed by ICAR- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana. The findings showed that IFS generates more net return i.e., Rs 66596 than conventional rice-wheat system of equivalent scale (2.0 ha). Additionally, along with improved soil health, the IFS generated lesser (~13.25%) GHG emission as compared to the conventional rice-wheat system. To enhance carbon sequestration in the Integrated Farming System (IFS), more perennial trees should be planted in underutilized areas, especially along boundaries. This is vital for achieving net-zero emissions. Despite its financial viability and environmental benefits, the IFS has low adoption rates. Financial assessments show that economic incentives for initial investments are necessary to encourage wider adoption. https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570Financial analysis, GHG source and sink analysis, Integrated farming system, Salt-affected ecologies, Small and marginal farmers
spellingShingle RAJKUMAR
SURESH KUMAR
RAM KISHOR FAGODIYA
AWTAR SINGH
PARVENDER SHEORAN
GAJENDER YADAV
NIRMAL SINGH
SUBHASIS MANDAL
R K YADAV
A multi-dimensional analysis of integrated farming system in salt-affected ecologies
The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Financial analysis, GHG source and sink analysis, Integrated farming system, Salt-affected ecologies, Small and marginal farmers
title A multi-dimensional analysis of integrated farming system in salt-affected ecologies
title_full A multi-dimensional analysis of integrated farming system in salt-affected ecologies
title_fullStr A multi-dimensional analysis of integrated farming system in salt-affected ecologies
title_full_unstemmed A multi-dimensional analysis of integrated farming system in salt-affected ecologies
title_short A multi-dimensional analysis of integrated farming system in salt-affected ecologies
title_sort multi dimensional analysis of integrated farming system in salt affected ecologies
topic Financial analysis, GHG source and sink analysis, Integrated farming system, Salt-affected ecologies, Small and marginal farmers
url https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/view/162570
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