Study on Infrasonic Signal Characteristics and Energy Characterization of Damage and Failure in Red Sandstone Under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions
The instability and collapse of surrounding rock in mine goaf areas often lead to the destabilization of geological structures, surface subsidence, and mining safety accidents. To investigate the evolutionary mechanisms and precursor characteristics of rock instability and failure processes, uniaxia...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4893 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850155728799531008 |
|---|---|
| author | Min Zhang Peng Zeng Kui Zhao Zhigang Lu Xinmu Xu Yan Yang Zhouchao Liu |
| author_facet | Min Zhang Peng Zeng Kui Zhao Zhigang Lu Xinmu Xu Yan Yang Zhouchao Liu |
| author_sort | Min Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The instability and collapse of surrounding rock in mine goaf areas often lead to the destabilization of geological structures, surface subsidence, and mining safety accidents. To investigate the evolutionary mechanisms and precursor characteristics of rock instability and failure processes, uniaxial loading and cyclic loading–unloading tests were conducted on red sandstone using a rock mechanics loading system. These experiments aimed to explore the mechanical behavior of the rock and the development process of internal fractures. The characteristics of infrasonic signals generated during red sandstone fracturing and the laws governing damage evolution were analyzed with an infrasonic acquisition system. The research results indicate that the infrasonic signal activity generated by rock under loading conditions can be characterized by three distinct stages, namely the relative stability period, the active period, and the pre-failure precursor period. Prior to peak strength, a substantial number of infrasonic signals are generated in rocks with significant activity; this characteristic is independent of the loading path but dependent on the stress magnitude. The variation in cumulative infrasonic energy reflects the accumulation of damage in rock specimens during the loading process, and as damage accumulates, the stress–strain curve exhibits hysteresis effects and nonlinear increases, accompanied by a rapid rise in infrasonic energy. By analyzing the characteristics of infrasonic parameters and characterizing the damage and its evolutionary features in red sandstone based on infrasonic energy, the internal crack damage evolution process in rocks can be effectively characterized. This approach provides theoretical foundations and technical support for early warning and monitoring prior to rock failure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c73abe9aa8da4673bef5f5c52d1d5431 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-c73abe9aa8da4673bef5f5c52d1d54312025-08-20T02:24:47ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01159489310.3390/app15094893Study on Infrasonic Signal Characteristics and Energy Characterization of Damage and Failure in Red Sandstone Under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading and Unloading ConditionsMin Zhang0Peng Zeng1Kui Zhao2Zhigang Lu3Xinmu Xu4Yan Yang5Zhouchao Liu6School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, ChinaSchool of Resources and Civil Engineering, Gannan University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, ChinaThe instability and collapse of surrounding rock in mine goaf areas often lead to the destabilization of geological structures, surface subsidence, and mining safety accidents. To investigate the evolutionary mechanisms and precursor characteristics of rock instability and failure processes, uniaxial loading and cyclic loading–unloading tests were conducted on red sandstone using a rock mechanics loading system. These experiments aimed to explore the mechanical behavior of the rock and the development process of internal fractures. The characteristics of infrasonic signals generated during red sandstone fracturing and the laws governing damage evolution were analyzed with an infrasonic acquisition system. The research results indicate that the infrasonic signal activity generated by rock under loading conditions can be characterized by three distinct stages, namely the relative stability period, the active period, and the pre-failure precursor period. Prior to peak strength, a substantial number of infrasonic signals are generated in rocks with significant activity; this characteristic is independent of the loading path but dependent on the stress magnitude. The variation in cumulative infrasonic energy reflects the accumulation of damage in rock specimens during the loading process, and as damage accumulates, the stress–strain curve exhibits hysteresis effects and nonlinear increases, accompanied by a rapid rise in infrasonic energy. By analyzing the characteristics of infrasonic parameters and characterizing the damage and its evolutionary features in red sandstone based on infrasonic energy, the internal crack damage evolution process in rocks can be effectively characterized. This approach provides theoretical foundations and technical support for early warning and monitoring prior to rock failure.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4893uniaxial loadingcyclic loading and unloadinginfrasonic signaldamageenergy |
| spellingShingle | Min Zhang Peng Zeng Kui Zhao Zhigang Lu Xinmu Xu Yan Yang Zhouchao Liu Study on Infrasonic Signal Characteristics and Energy Characterization of Damage and Failure in Red Sandstone Under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions Applied Sciences uniaxial loading cyclic loading and unloading infrasonic signal damage energy |
| title | Study on Infrasonic Signal Characteristics and Energy Characterization of Damage and Failure in Red Sandstone Under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions |
| title_full | Study on Infrasonic Signal Characteristics and Energy Characterization of Damage and Failure in Red Sandstone Under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Study on Infrasonic Signal Characteristics and Energy Characterization of Damage and Failure in Red Sandstone Under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on Infrasonic Signal Characteristics and Energy Characterization of Damage and Failure in Red Sandstone Under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions |
| title_short | Study on Infrasonic Signal Characteristics and Energy Characterization of Damage and Failure in Red Sandstone Under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions |
| title_sort | study on infrasonic signal characteristics and energy characterization of damage and failure in red sandstone under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading conditions |
| topic | uniaxial loading cyclic loading and unloading infrasonic signal damage energy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4893 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT minzhang studyoninfrasonicsignalcharacteristicsandenergycharacterizationofdamageandfailureinredsandstoneunderuniaxialcyclicloadingandunloadingconditions AT pengzeng studyoninfrasonicsignalcharacteristicsandenergycharacterizationofdamageandfailureinredsandstoneunderuniaxialcyclicloadingandunloadingconditions AT kuizhao studyoninfrasonicsignalcharacteristicsandenergycharacterizationofdamageandfailureinredsandstoneunderuniaxialcyclicloadingandunloadingconditions AT zhiganglu studyoninfrasonicsignalcharacteristicsandenergycharacterizationofdamageandfailureinredsandstoneunderuniaxialcyclicloadingandunloadingconditions AT xinmuxu studyoninfrasonicsignalcharacteristicsandenergycharacterizationofdamageandfailureinredsandstoneunderuniaxialcyclicloadingandunloadingconditions AT yanyang studyoninfrasonicsignalcharacteristicsandenergycharacterizationofdamageandfailureinredsandstoneunderuniaxialcyclicloadingandunloadingconditions AT zhouchaoliu studyoninfrasonicsignalcharacteristicsandenergycharacterizationofdamageandfailureinredsandstoneunderuniaxialcyclicloadingandunloadingconditions |