An Edge-on Regular Disk Galaxy at z = 5.289

While rotation-supported gas disks are known to exist as early as at z ≈ 7, it is still a general belief that stellar disks form late in the Universe. This picture is now being challenged by the observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which have revealed a large number of disk-like...

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Main Authors: Haojing Yan, Bangzheng Sun, Chenxiaoji Ling
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7de9
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author Haojing Yan
Bangzheng Sun
Chenxiaoji Ling
author_facet Haojing Yan
Bangzheng Sun
Chenxiaoji Ling
author_sort Haojing Yan
collection DOAJ
description While rotation-supported gas disks are known to exist as early as at z ≈ 7, it is still a general belief that stellar disks form late in the Universe. This picture is now being challenged by the observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which have revealed a large number of disk-like galaxies that could be at z > 3, with some being candidates at z > 7. As an early formation of stellar disks will greatly impact our theory of galaxy formation and evolution, it is important to determine when such systems first emerged. Here we present D-CEERS-RUBIES-z5289 at z = 5.289 ± 0.001, the second confirmed stellar disk at z > 5, discovered using the archival JWST NIRCam imaging and NIRSpec spectroscopic data. This galaxy has a highly regular edge-on disk morphology, extends to ∼6.2 kpc along its major axis, and has an effective radius of ∼1.3–1.4 kpc. Such a large stellar disk is yet to be produced in numerical simulations. By analyzing its 10-band spectral energy distribution using four different tools, we find that it has a high stellar mass of 10 ^9.5–10.0 M _⊙ . Its age is in the range of 330–510 Myr, and it has a mild star formation rate of 10–30 M _⊙ yr ^−1 . While the current spectroscopic data do not allow the derivation of its rotation curve, the width of its H α line from the partial slit coverage on one side of the disk reaches ∼345 km s ^−1 , which suggests that it could have a significant contribution from rotation.
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spelling doaj-art-c7396e4c36fb4b7080c51e7bee1b8e5c2025-08-20T02:11:30ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0197514410.3847/1538-4357/ad7de9An Edge-on Regular Disk Galaxy at z = 5.289Haojing Yan0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7592-7714Bangzheng Sun1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-6202Chenxiaoji Ling2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-3008Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211, USANational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of ChinaWhile rotation-supported gas disks are known to exist as early as at z ≈ 7, it is still a general belief that stellar disks form late in the Universe. This picture is now being challenged by the observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which have revealed a large number of disk-like galaxies that could be at z > 3, with some being candidates at z > 7. As an early formation of stellar disks will greatly impact our theory of galaxy formation and evolution, it is important to determine when such systems first emerged. Here we present D-CEERS-RUBIES-z5289 at z = 5.289 ± 0.001, the second confirmed stellar disk at z > 5, discovered using the archival JWST NIRCam imaging and NIRSpec spectroscopic data. This galaxy has a highly regular edge-on disk morphology, extends to ∼6.2 kpc along its major axis, and has an effective radius of ∼1.3–1.4 kpc. Such a large stellar disk is yet to be produced in numerical simulations. By analyzing its 10-band spectral energy distribution using four different tools, we find that it has a high stellar mass of 10 ^9.5–10.0 M _⊙ . Its age is in the range of 330–510 Myr, and it has a mild star formation rate of 10–30 M _⊙ yr ^−1 . While the current spectroscopic data do not allow the derivation of its rotation curve, the width of its H α line from the partial slit coverage on one side of the disk reaches ∼345 km s ^−1 , which suggests that it could have a significant contribution from rotation.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7de9Disk galaxiesHigh-redshift galaxiesGalaxy kinematics
spellingShingle Haojing Yan
Bangzheng Sun
Chenxiaoji Ling
An Edge-on Regular Disk Galaxy at z = 5.289
The Astrophysical Journal
Disk galaxies
High-redshift galaxies
Galaxy kinematics
title An Edge-on Regular Disk Galaxy at z = 5.289
title_full An Edge-on Regular Disk Galaxy at z = 5.289
title_fullStr An Edge-on Regular Disk Galaxy at z = 5.289
title_full_unstemmed An Edge-on Regular Disk Galaxy at z = 5.289
title_short An Edge-on Regular Disk Galaxy at z = 5.289
title_sort edge on regular disk galaxy at z 5 289
topic Disk galaxies
High-redshift galaxies
Galaxy kinematics
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7de9
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