A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy‐Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and Cats

ABSTRACT Background Chemotherapy extravasation is a potentially serious complication. There is a paucity of information in the veterinary literature investigating extravasation events, treatments, and outcomes. Objective Evaluate chemotherapy extravasation events and treatments in dogs and cats, adv...

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Main Authors: Elise Martens, Rachel Hritz, Craig Clifford, Christine Mullin, Corrine Camero, Kai‐Biu Shiu, Catherine Chan, Chelsea delAlcazar, Carol DeRegis, Lindsay Donnelly, Bryan Marker, Katarzyna Purzycka, Kathryn Vickery
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70042
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author Elise Martens
Rachel Hritz
Craig Clifford
Christine Mullin
Corrine Camero
Kai‐Biu Shiu
Catherine Chan
Chelsea delAlcazar
Carol DeRegis
Lindsay Donnelly
Bryan Marker
Katarzyna Purzycka
Kathryn Vickery
author_facet Elise Martens
Rachel Hritz
Craig Clifford
Christine Mullin
Corrine Camero
Kai‐Biu Shiu
Catherine Chan
Chelsea delAlcazar
Carol DeRegis
Lindsay Donnelly
Bryan Marker
Katarzyna Purzycka
Kathryn Vickery
author_sort Elise Martens
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Chemotherapy extravasation is a potentially serious complication. There is a paucity of information in the veterinary literature investigating extravasation events, treatments, and outcomes. Objective Evaluate chemotherapy extravasation events and treatments in dogs and cats, adverse events (AEs), and overall outcomes. Animals Twenty dogs and three cats were included. Methods Retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study including dogs or cats with suspected extravasation from chemotherapy. Information obtained included: signalment, extravasation details and treatment provided, AEs graded according to VCOG‐CTCAE v2 criteria, and outcome. Results The most common drug extravasated was doxorubicin, followed by carboplatin. Carboplatin extravasation (n = 5) resulted in Grades III–IV AEs, all of which required surgical debridement. Doxorubicin extravasation (n = 9) resulted in Grades 0–V AEs, two of which amputation was ultimately recommended, and one of those two was euthanized instead. Extravasation of vinca alkaloids (n = 5) and rabacfosadine (n = 1) resulted in Grades II–III AEs, all managed in the outpatient setting. Mitoxantrone (n = 2) and dacarbazine (n = 1) extravasation resulted in no clinical signs associated with extravasation injury. Seventy‐eight percent (18/23) cases had extravasation occur during one of the first four treatments of chemotherapy, with 30% (7/23) occurring during the first chemotherapy treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Most cases (20/23) had mild to moderate or no AEs. Findings support that carboplatin should be considered a vesicant.
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spelling doaj-art-c7330d11355e48babf9e6bbd15f6c3e42025-08-20T03:09:11ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762025-05-01393n/an/a10.1111/jvim.70042A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy‐Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and CatsElise Martens0Rachel Hritz1Craig Clifford2Christine Mullin3Corrine Camero4Kai‐Biu Shiu5Catherine Chan6Chelsea delAlcazar7Carol DeRegis8Lindsay Donnelly9Bryan Marker10Katarzyna Purzycka11Kathryn Vickery12Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USABluePearl Malvern Malvern Pennsylvania USABluePearl Malvern Malvern Pennsylvania USACare Center Cincinnati Ohio USAVCA VESVSC Madison Madison Wisconsin USAThe Pet Oncologist Brisbane Queensland AustraliaFriendship Hospital for Animals Washington District of Columbia USAPieper Veterinary Middletown Connecticut USAVeterinary Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Health Center University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USASAGE Veterinary Center Redwood City California USAAndersonMoores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary Winchester UKDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USAABSTRACT Background Chemotherapy extravasation is a potentially serious complication. There is a paucity of information in the veterinary literature investigating extravasation events, treatments, and outcomes. Objective Evaluate chemotherapy extravasation events and treatments in dogs and cats, adverse events (AEs), and overall outcomes. Animals Twenty dogs and three cats were included. Methods Retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study including dogs or cats with suspected extravasation from chemotherapy. Information obtained included: signalment, extravasation details and treatment provided, AEs graded according to VCOG‐CTCAE v2 criteria, and outcome. Results The most common drug extravasated was doxorubicin, followed by carboplatin. Carboplatin extravasation (n = 5) resulted in Grades III–IV AEs, all of which required surgical debridement. Doxorubicin extravasation (n = 9) resulted in Grades 0–V AEs, two of which amputation was ultimately recommended, and one of those two was euthanized instead. Extravasation of vinca alkaloids (n = 5) and rabacfosadine (n = 1) resulted in Grades II–III AEs, all managed in the outpatient setting. Mitoxantrone (n = 2) and dacarbazine (n = 1) extravasation resulted in no clinical signs associated with extravasation injury. Seventy‐eight percent (18/23) cases had extravasation occur during one of the first four treatments of chemotherapy, with 30% (7/23) occurring during the first chemotherapy treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Most cases (20/23) had mild to moderate or no AEs. Findings support that carboplatin should be considered a vesicant.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70042adverse eventscatdogextravasationveterinary
spellingShingle Elise Martens
Rachel Hritz
Craig Clifford
Christine Mullin
Corrine Camero
Kai‐Biu Shiu
Catherine Chan
Chelsea delAlcazar
Carol DeRegis
Lindsay Donnelly
Bryan Marker
Katarzyna Purzycka
Kathryn Vickery
A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy‐Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and Cats
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
adverse events
cat
dog
extravasation
veterinary
title A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy‐Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and Cats
title_full A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy‐Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and Cats
title_fullStr A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy‐Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and Cats
title_full_unstemmed A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy‐Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and Cats
title_short A Retrospective Study of Chemotherapy‐Related Extravasation Events in Dogs and Cats
title_sort retrospective study of chemotherapy related extravasation events in dogs and cats
topic adverse events
cat
dog
extravasation
veterinary
url https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70042
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