Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged health systems globally. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits for COVID-19 have been widely used in Nigeria. This has greatly impro...

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Main Authors: Akhere A Omonkhua, Adedayo Faneye, Kazeem S Akinwande, Okpokoro Evaezi, Nathan Y Shehu, Adedeji Onayade, Chinwe Lucia Ochu, Mustapha Popoola, Nnadi Emmanuel, Temitope Ojo, Cornelius Ohonsi, Abdullahi Abubakar, Elizabeth Odeh, Paul Akinduti, Onikepe Folarin, John Samson Bimba, Ehimario Igumbor, Kelly Elimian, Victory Fabian Edem, Luka Pam D, Tunde Olusola, Loretta Ntoimo, Michael Olugbile, Adewale Victor Opayele, Ibrahim Kida, Shwe David, Augustine Onyeaghala, Isaac Igbarumah, Omosivie Maduka, Magaji A Mahmoud, Abdul Rahman El-Fulatty, David O Olaleye, Omale Simon, Iriagbonse Iyabo Osaigbovo, Darlington Ewaen Obaseki, Afolaranmi Tolulupe, Christian Happi, Yusuf Bara Jibrin, Friday Okonofua, Timan Eliya, Gomerep Simji, Izang Joy Abi, Emmanuel Ameh, Ibrahim Mahmood Maigari, Sulaiman Alhaji, Ifedayo Adetifa, Babatunde Salako, Suleiman Bogoro, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Georgina N Odaibo, COVID-19 RDT Validation in Nigeria (CORVAN) study group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2024-01-01
Series:PLOS Global Public Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003371
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author Akhere A Omonkhua
Adedayo Faneye
Kazeem S Akinwande
Okpokoro Evaezi
Nathan Y Shehu
Adedeji Onayade
Chinwe Lucia Ochu
Mustapha Popoola
Nnadi Emmanuel
Temitope Ojo
Cornelius Ohonsi
Abdullahi Abubakar
Elizabeth Odeh
Paul Akinduti
Onikepe Folarin
John Samson Bimba
Ehimario Igumbor
Kelly Elimian
Victory Fabian Edem
Luka Pam D
Tunde Olusola
Loretta Ntoimo
Michael Olugbile
Adewale Victor Opayele
Ibrahim Kida
Shwe David
Augustine Onyeaghala
Isaac Igbarumah
Omosivie Maduka
Magaji A Mahmoud
Abdul Rahman El-Fulatty
David O Olaleye
Omale Simon
Iriagbonse Iyabo Osaigbovo
Darlington Ewaen Obaseki
Afolaranmi Tolulupe
Christian Happi
Yusuf Bara Jibrin
Friday Okonofua
Timan Eliya
Gomerep Simji
Izang Joy Abi
Emmanuel Ameh
Ibrahim Mahmood Maigari
Sulaiman Alhaji
Ifedayo Adetifa
Babatunde Salako
Suleiman Bogoro
Chikwe Ihekweazu
Georgina N Odaibo
COVID-19 RDT Validation in Nigeria (CORVAN) study group
author_facet Akhere A Omonkhua
Adedayo Faneye
Kazeem S Akinwande
Okpokoro Evaezi
Nathan Y Shehu
Adedeji Onayade
Chinwe Lucia Ochu
Mustapha Popoola
Nnadi Emmanuel
Temitope Ojo
Cornelius Ohonsi
Abdullahi Abubakar
Elizabeth Odeh
Paul Akinduti
Onikepe Folarin
John Samson Bimba
Ehimario Igumbor
Kelly Elimian
Victory Fabian Edem
Luka Pam D
Tunde Olusola
Loretta Ntoimo
Michael Olugbile
Adewale Victor Opayele
Ibrahim Kida
Shwe David
Augustine Onyeaghala
Isaac Igbarumah
Omosivie Maduka
Magaji A Mahmoud
Abdul Rahman El-Fulatty
David O Olaleye
Omale Simon
Iriagbonse Iyabo Osaigbovo
Darlington Ewaen Obaseki
Afolaranmi Tolulupe
Christian Happi
Yusuf Bara Jibrin
Friday Okonofua
Timan Eliya
Gomerep Simji
Izang Joy Abi
Emmanuel Ameh
Ibrahim Mahmood Maigari
Sulaiman Alhaji
Ifedayo Adetifa
Babatunde Salako
Suleiman Bogoro
Chikwe Ihekweazu
Georgina N Odaibo
COVID-19 RDT Validation in Nigeria (CORVAN) study group
author_sort Akhere A Omonkhua
collection DOAJ
description The COVID-19 pandemic challenged health systems globally. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits for COVID-19 have been widely used in Nigeria. This has greatly improved test turnover rates and significantly decreased the high technical demands of RT-PCR. However, there is currently no nationally representative evaluation of the performance characteristics and reliability of these kits. This study assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of ten RDT kits used for COVID-19 testing in Nigeria. This large multi-centred cross-sectional study was conducted across the 6 geo-political zones of Nigeria over four months. Ten antigen (Ag) and antibody (Ab) RDT kits were evaluated, and the results were compared with RT-PCR. One thousand, three hundred and ten (1,310) consenting adults comprising 767 (58.5%) males and 543 (41.5%) females participated in the study. The highest proportion, 757 (57.7%), were in the 20-39 years' age group. In terms of diagnostic performance, Lumira Dx (61.4, 95% CI: 52.4-69.9) had the highest sensitivity while MP SARS and Panbio (98.5, 95% CI: 96.6-99.5) had the highest specificity. For predictive values, Panbio (90.7, 95% CI: 79.7-96.9) and Lumira Dx (81.2, 95% CI: 75.9-85.7) recorded the highest PPV and NPV respectively. Ag-RDTs had better performance characteristics compared with Ab-RDTs; however, the sensitivities of all RDTs in this study were generally low. The relatively high specificity of Ag-RDTs makes them useful for the diagnosis of infection in COVID-19 suspected cases where positive RDT may not require confirmation by molecular testing. There is therefore the need to develop RDTs in-country that will take into consideration the unique environmental factors, interactions with other infectious agents, and strains of the virus circulating locally. This may enhance the precision of rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 in Nigeria.
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publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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spelling doaj-art-c7253d312fa5432eab9cdd80f7c4eccb2025-08-20T03:46:21ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLOS Global Public Health2767-33752024-01-0147e000337110.1371/journal.pgph.0003371Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.Akhere A OmonkhuaAdedayo FaneyeKazeem S AkinwandeOkpokoro EvaeziNathan Y ShehuAdedeji OnayadeChinwe Lucia OchuMustapha PopoolaNnadi EmmanuelTemitope OjoCornelius OhonsiAbdullahi AbubakarElizabeth OdehPaul AkindutiOnikepe FolarinJohn Samson BimbaEhimario IgumborKelly ElimianVictory Fabian EdemLuka Pam DTunde OlusolaLoretta NtoimoMichael OlugbileAdewale Victor OpayeleIbrahim KidaShwe DavidAugustine OnyeaghalaIsaac IgbarumahOmosivie MadukaMagaji A MahmoudAbdul Rahman El-FulattyDavid O OlaleyeOmale SimonIriagbonse Iyabo OsaigbovoDarlington Ewaen ObasekiAfolaranmi TolulupeChristian HappiYusuf Bara JibrinFriday OkonofuaTiman EliyaGomerep SimjiIzang Joy AbiEmmanuel AmehIbrahim Mahmood MaigariSulaiman AlhajiIfedayo AdetifaBabatunde SalakoSuleiman BogoroChikwe IhekweazuGeorgina N OdaiboCOVID-19 RDT Validation in Nigeria (CORVAN) study groupThe COVID-19 pandemic challenged health systems globally. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits for COVID-19 have been widely used in Nigeria. This has greatly improved test turnover rates and significantly decreased the high technical demands of RT-PCR. However, there is currently no nationally representative evaluation of the performance characteristics and reliability of these kits. This study assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of ten RDT kits used for COVID-19 testing in Nigeria. This large multi-centred cross-sectional study was conducted across the 6 geo-political zones of Nigeria over four months. Ten antigen (Ag) and antibody (Ab) RDT kits were evaluated, and the results were compared with RT-PCR. One thousand, three hundred and ten (1,310) consenting adults comprising 767 (58.5%) males and 543 (41.5%) females participated in the study. The highest proportion, 757 (57.7%), were in the 20-39 years' age group. In terms of diagnostic performance, Lumira Dx (61.4, 95% CI: 52.4-69.9) had the highest sensitivity while MP SARS and Panbio (98.5, 95% CI: 96.6-99.5) had the highest specificity. For predictive values, Panbio (90.7, 95% CI: 79.7-96.9) and Lumira Dx (81.2, 95% CI: 75.9-85.7) recorded the highest PPV and NPV respectively. Ag-RDTs had better performance characteristics compared with Ab-RDTs; however, the sensitivities of all RDTs in this study were generally low. The relatively high specificity of Ag-RDTs makes them useful for the diagnosis of infection in COVID-19 suspected cases where positive RDT may not require confirmation by molecular testing. There is therefore the need to develop RDTs in-country that will take into consideration the unique environmental factors, interactions with other infectious agents, and strains of the virus circulating locally. This may enhance the precision of rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 in Nigeria.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003371
spellingShingle Akhere A Omonkhua
Adedayo Faneye
Kazeem S Akinwande
Okpokoro Evaezi
Nathan Y Shehu
Adedeji Onayade
Chinwe Lucia Ochu
Mustapha Popoola
Nnadi Emmanuel
Temitope Ojo
Cornelius Ohonsi
Abdullahi Abubakar
Elizabeth Odeh
Paul Akinduti
Onikepe Folarin
John Samson Bimba
Ehimario Igumbor
Kelly Elimian
Victory Fabian Edem
Luka Pam D
Tunde Olusola
Loretta Ntoimo
Michael Olugbile
Adewale Victor Opayele
Ibrahim Kida
Shwe David
Augustine Onyeaghala
Isaac Igbarumah
Omosivie Maduka
Magaji A Mahmoud
Abdul Rahman El-Fulatty
David O Olaleye
Omale Simon
Iriagbonse Iyabo Osaigbovo
Darlington Ewaen Obaseki
Afolaranmi Tolulupe
Christian Happi
Yusuf Bara Jibrin
Friday Okonofua
Timan Eliya
Gomerep Simji
Izang Joy Abi
Emmanuel Ameh
Ibrahim Mahmood Maigari
Sulaiman Alhaji
Ifedayo Adetifa
Babatunde Salako
Suleiman Bogoro
Chikwe Ihekweazu
Georgina N Odaibo
COVID-19 RDT Validation in Nigeria (CORVAN) study group
Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.
PLOS Global Public Health
title Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.
title_full Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.
title_fullStr Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.
title_full_unstemmed Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.
title_short Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.
title_sort performance evaluation of sars cov 2 rapid diagnostic tests in nigeria a cross sectional study
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003371
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