Bolstering spatial learning in the primary classroom: identifying the factors underlying primary teachers’ spatial pedagogical practices

Teachers’ cognition and affect can influence their pedagogical choices, which in turn can shape the development of their students’ spatial skills. Here we examined the relations between primary teachers’ spatial cognition, affect, and their inclination for choosing teaching practices, such as models...

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Main Authors: Kelsey Rocha, Catherine M. Lussier, Kinnari Atit
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1582737/full
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author Kelsey Rocha
Catherine M. Lussier
Kinnari Atit
author_facet Kelsey Rocha
Catherine M. Lussier
Kinnari Atit
author_sort Kelsey Rocha
collection DOAJ
description Teachers’ cognition and affect can influence their pedagogical choices, which in turn can shape the development of their students’ spatial skills. Here we examined the relations between primary teachers’ spatial cognition, affect, and their inclination for choosing teaching practices, such as models and diagrams, that engage and facilitate spatial learning. Seventy-seven K-6 teachers completed measures of spatial skills, spatial anxiety, spatial habits of mind, and a measure of preferences for spatial pedagogy. Additionally, we assessed and controlled for their general reasoning and general anxiety. Results revealed primary teachers’ spatial skills were positively associated with their spatial habits of mind and their preference for using spatial strategies for teaching science content. Yet, their pedagogical preferences for teaching math content varied with their teaching experience. Teachers’ spatial skills and spatial anxiety were not related. These findings have implications for how to leverage teacher education programs to bolster primary STEM learning and outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-c710115fa61d4bff8b747e90e78c4b2d2025-08-20T02:55:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Education2504-284X2025-04-011010.3389/feduc.2025.15827371582737Bolstering spatial learning in the primary classroom: identifying the factors underlying primary teachers’ spatial pedagogical practicesKelsey RochaCatherine M. LussierKinnari AtitTeachers’ cognition and affect can influence their pedagogical choices, which in turn can shape the development of their students’ spatial skills. Here we examined the relations between primary teachers’ spatial cognition, affect, and their inclination for choosing teaching practices, such as models and diagrams, that engage and facilitate spatial learning. Seventy-seven K-6 teachers completed measures of spatial skills, spatial anxiety, spatial habits of mind, and a measure of preferences for spatial pedagogy. Additionally, we assessed and controlled for their general reasoning and general anxiety. Results revealed primary teachers’ spatial skills were positively associated with their spatial habits of mind and their preference for using spatial strategies for teaching science content. Yet, their pedagogical preferences for teaching math content varied with their teaching experience. Teachers’ spatial skills and spatial anxiety were not related. These findings have implications for how to leverage teacher education programs to bolster primary STEM learning and outcomes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1582737/fullteacher cognitionspatial skillsspatial anxietyspatial habits of mindprimary education
spellingShingle Kelsey Rocha
Catherine M. Lussier
Kinnari Atit
Bolstering spatial learning in the primary classroom: identifying the factors underlying primary teachers’ spatial pedagogical practices
Frontiers in Education
teacher cognition
spatial skills
spatial anxiety
spatial habits of mind
primary education
title Bolstering spatial learning in the primary classroom: identifying the factors underlying primary teachers’ spatial pedagogical practices
title_full Bolstering spatial learning in the primary classroom: identifying the factors underlying primary teachers’ spatial pedagogical practices
title_fullStr Bolstering spatial learning in the primary classroom: identifying the factors underlying primary teachers’ spatial pedagogical practices
title_full_unstemmed Bolstering spatial learning in the primary classroom: identifying the factors underlying primary teachers’ spatial pedagogical practices
title_short Bolstering spatial learning in the primary classroom: identifying the factors underlying primary teachers’ spatial pedagogical practices
title_sort bolstering spatial learning in the primary classroom identifying the factors underlying primary teachers spatial pedagogical practices
topic teacher cognition
spatial skills
spatial anxiety
spatial habits of mind
primary education
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1582737/full
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AT catherinemlussier bolsteringspatiallearningintheprimaryclassroomidentifyingthefactorsunderlyingprimaryteachersspatialpedagogicalpractices
AT kinnariatit bolsteringspatiallearningintheprimaryclassroomidentifyingthefactorsunderlyingprimaryteachersspatialpedagogicalpractices