Adsorption of Saponin and Saponin–Chitosan Mixture at Water–Oil Interface and Stabilization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions
Investigating the adsorption properties of emulsifiers at water–oil interfaces enables advances in the comprehension of the mechanisms governing emulsion ageing and stabilization. The utilization of natural compounds in emulsion formulations is increasingly relevant for those applications where it i...
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2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/11/2281 |
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| author | Katarzyna Dziza Marcel Krzan Ewelina Jarek Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk Piotr Warszyński Eva Santini Libero Liggieri Francesca Ravera |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Dziza Marcel Krzan Ewelina Jarek Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk Piotr Warszyński Eva Santini Libero Liggieri Francesca Ravera |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Dziza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Investigating the adsorption properties of emulsifiers at water–oil interfaces enables advances in the comprehension of the mechanisms governing emulsion ageing and stabilization. The utilization of natural compounds in emulsion formulations is increasingly relevant for those applications where it is challenging to maintain a low impact on the environment and health. We report here a study on saponin and chitosan at the interface between water and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oil in relation to the properties of the corresponding emulsions. Complementary experimental approaches have been adopted to investigate interfacial properties and emulsion evolution, relying on drop tensiometry, optical and confocal microscopy, and light transmission/scattering analysis. In addition, molecular dynamics simulation has been undertaken as support for the interpretation of the experimental results. The multi-technique investigation adopted here enabled a better understanding of saponin adsorption properties and of the role of chitosan in emulsion evolution. In particular, the results evidence the formation of amphiphilic saponin–chitosan complexes, which adsorb at the liquid–liquid interface and improve the stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Since the system investigated mainly consists of natural compounds, the results of this work can contribute to the development of new and efficient low-impact formulations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c70e084ea8444fbbaa6c03bc2d860c2b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-c70e084ea8444fbbaa6c03bc2d860c2b2025-08-20T03:46:52ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-05-013011228110.3390/molecules30112281Adsorption of Saponin and Saponin–Chitosan Mixture at Water–Oil Interface and Stabilization of Oil-in-Water EmulsionsKatarzyna Dziza0Marcel Krzan1Ewelina Jarek2Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska3Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk4Piotr Warszyński5Eva Santini6Libero Liggieri7Francesca Ravera8Unit of Genoa, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyJerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, PolandJerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, PolandJerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, PolandJerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, PolandJerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, PolandUnit of Genoa, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyUnit of Genoa, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyUnit of Genoa, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, ItalyInvestigating the adsorption properties of emulsifiers at water–oil interfaces enables advances in the comprehension of the mechanisms governing emulsion ageing and stabilization. The utilization of natural compounds in emulsion formulations is increasingly relevant for those applications where it is challenging to maintain a low impact on the environment and health. We report here a study on saponin and chitosan at the interface between water and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oil in relation to the properties of the corresponding emulsions. Complementary experimental approaches have been adopted to investigate interfacial properties and emulsion evolution, relying on drop tensiometry, optical and confocal microscopy, and light transmission/scattering analysis. In addition, molecular dynamics simulation has been undertaken as support for the interpretation of the experimental results. The multi-technique investigation adopted here enabled a better understanding of saponin adsorption properties and of the role of chitosan in emulsion evolution. In particular, the results evidence the formation of amphiphilic saponin–chitosan complexes, which adsorb at the liquid–liquid interface and improve the stability of oil-in-water emulsions. Since the system investigated mainly consists of natural compounds, the results of this work can contribute to the development of new and efficient low-impact formulations.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/11/2281emulsion stabilityinterfacial tensiondilational viscoelasticitysaponin–chitosan aggregatescoalescence |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Dziza Marcel Krzan Ewelina Jarek Lilianna Szyk-Warszyńska Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk Piotr Warszyński Eva Santini Libero Liggieri Francesca Ravera Adsorption of Saponin and Saponin–Chitosan Mixture at Water–Oil Interface and Stabilization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Molecules emulsion stability interfacial tension dilational viscoelasticity saponin–chitosan aggregates coalescence |
| title | Adsorption of Saponin and Saponin–Chitosan Mixture at Water–Oil Interface and Stabilization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions |
| title_full | Adsorption of Saponin and Saponin–Chitosan Mixture at Water–Oil Interface and Stabilization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions |
| title_fullStr | Adsorption of Saponin and Saponin–Chitosan Mixture at Water–Oil Interface and Stabilization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adsorption of Saponin and Saponin–Chitosan Mixture at Water–Oil Interface and Stabilization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions |
| title_short | Adsorption of Saponin and Saponin–Chitosan Mixture at Water–Oil Interface and Stabilization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions |
| title_sort | adsorption of saponin and saponin chitosan mixture at water oil interface and stabilization of oil in water emulsions |
| topic | emulsion stability interfacial tension dilational viscoelasticity saponin–chitosan aggregates coalescence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/11/2281 |
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