HIV-1 and GBV-C co-infection in Venezuela

Introduction: Co-infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) has been associated with prolonged survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of GBV-C infection among HIV-1-infected patients in Venezuela, and to determine the ef...

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Main Authors: Anny Karely Rodriguez, Domingo José Garzaro, Carmen Luisa Loureiro, Cristina R Gutierrez, Gladys Ameli, Rossana Celeste Jaspe, Leticia Porto, Francisca Monsalve, Angela Pozada, Luzmary Vázquez, Miguel E Quinones-Mateu, Flor Helene Pujol, Hector Rafael Rangel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2014-07-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/3830
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author Anny Karely Rodriguez
Domingo José Garzaro
Carmen Luisa Loureiro
Cristina R Gutierrez
Gladys Ameli
Rossana Celeste Jaspe
Leticia Porto
Francisca Monsalve
Angela Pozada
Luzmary Vázquez
Miguel E Quinones-Mateu
Flor Helene Pujol
Hector Rafael Rangel
author_facet Anny Karely Rodriguez
Domingo José Garzaro
Carmen Luisa Loureiro
Cristina R Gutierrez
Gladys Ameli
Rossana Celeste Jaspe
Leticia Porto
Francisca Monsalve
Angela Pozada
Luzmary Vázquez
Miguel E Quinones-Mateu
Flor Helene Pujol
Hector Rafael Rangel
author_sort Anny Karely Rodriguez
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Co-infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) has been associated with prolonged survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of GBV-C infection among HIV-1-infected patients in Venezuela, and to determine the effects of the co-infection on the levels of relevant cytokines. Methodology: Plasma samples were collected from 270 HIV-1-seronegative and 255 HIV-1-seropositive individuals. GBV-C infection was determined by RT-PCR of the NS5 region and genotyped by sequence analysis of the 5´UTR region. HIV-1 strains were characterized by sequence analysis of pol, vif, env, and nef genes. Selected cytokines were evaluated by ELISA. Results: Ninety-seven of 525 (18.5%) plasma samples tested positive for GBV-C RNA. A significantly higher prevalence of GBV-C was found among HIV-1 patients compared to HIV-1-seronegative individuals (67/255, 26% versus 30/270, 11%; p < 0.001). Statistical difference was observed in the viral load between HIV-1+GBV-C+ and HIV-1+GBV-C- (p = 0.014), although no differences in CD4+ cell counts were found between both groups. TNFα concentration was higher in HIV-1+GBV-C- than in HIV-1+GBV-C+ patients (25.9 pg/mL versus 17.3 pg/mL; p = 0.02); RANTES expression levels were more variable in GBV-C co-infected patients and more frequently elevated in HIV-1 mono-infected patients compared to patients co-infected with GBV-C. Conclusions: The previously observed beneficial effect of co-infection with HIV-1 and GBV-C on disease progression is complex and might be due in part to a change in the cytokine environment. More studies are required to understand the interaction between both viruses.
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spelling doaj-art-c6feee037fc04eee915de707b7d5cb952025-08-20T02:57:25ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802014-07-0180710.3855/jidc.3830HIV-1 and GBV-C co-infection in VenezuelaAnny Karely Rodriguez0Domingo José Garzaro1Carmen Luisa Loureiro2Cristina R Gutierrez3Gladys Ameli4Rossana Celeste Jaspe5Leticia Porto6Francisca Monsalve7Angela Pozada8Luzmary Vázquez9Miguel E Quinones-Mateu10Flor Helene Pujol11Hector Rafael Rangel12Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, VenezuelaInstituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, VenezuelaInstituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, VenezuelaInstituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, VenezuelaInstituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, VenezuelaInstituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, VenezuelaLaboratorio Regional de Referencia Virológica, LUZ, Maracaibo, VenezuelaLaboratorio Regional de Referencia Virológica, LUZ, Maracaibo, VenezuelaEscuela de Bioanálisis Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, VenezuelaHospital Central de Barquisimeto, Barquisimeto, VenezuelaCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United StatesInstituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, VenezuelaInstituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, VenezuelaIntroduction: Co-infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) has been associated with prolonged survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of GBV-C infection among HIV-1-infected patients in Venezuela, and to determine the effects of the co-infection on the levels of relevant cytokines. Methodology: Plasma samples were collected from 270 HIV-1-seronegative and 255 HIV-1-seropositive individuals. GBV-C infection was determined by RT-PCR of the NS5 region and genotyped by sequence analysis of the 5´UTR region. HIV-1 strains were characterized by sequence analysis of pol, vif, env, and nef genes. Selected cytokines were evaluated by ELISA. Results: Ninety-seven of 525 (18.5%) plasma samples tested positive for GBV-C RNA. A significantly higher prevalence of GBV-C was found among HIV-1 patients compared to HIV-1-seronegative individuals (67/255, 26% versus 30/270, 11%; p < 0.001). Statistical difference was observed in the viral load between HIV-1+GBV-C+ and HIV-1+GBV-C- (p = 0.014), although no differences in CD4+ cell counts were found between both groups. TNFα concentration was higher in HIV-1+GBV-C- than in HIV-1+GBV-C+ patients (25.9 pg/mL versus 17.3 pg/mL; p = 0.02); RANTES expression levels were more variable in GBV-C co-infected patients and more frequently elevated in HIV-1 mono-infected patients compared to patients co-infected with GBV-C. Conclusions: The previously observed beneficial effect of co-infection with HIV-1 and GBV-C on disease progression is complex and might be due in part to a change in the cytokine environment. More studies are required to understand the interaction between both viruses. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/3830HIV-1cytokinesco-infectionGBV-C
spellingShingle Anny Karely Rodriguez
Domingo José Garzaro
Carmen Luisa Loureiro
Cristina R Gutierrez
Gladys Ameli
Rossana Celeste Jaspe
Leticia Porto
Francisca Monsalve
Angela Pozada
Luzmary Vázquez
Miguel E Quinones-Mateu
Flor Helene Pujol
Hector Rafael Rangel
HIV-1 and GBV-C co-infection in Venezuela
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
HIV-1
cytokines
co-infection
GBV-C
title HIV-1 and GBV-C co-infection in Venezuela
title_full HIV-1 and GBV-C co-infection in Venezuela
title_fullStr HIV-1 and GBV-C co-infection in Venezuela
title_full_unstemmed HIV-1 and GBV-C co-infection in Venezuela
title_short HIV-1 and GBV-C co-infection in Venezuela
title_sort hiv 1 and gbv c co infection in venezuela
topic HIV-1
cytokines
co-infection
GBV-C
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/3830
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