Individual, household, and community-level factors associated with high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: secondary analysis of the 2018 demographic and health survey data
Abstract Background High-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) remains a significant public health concern in Nigeria, contributing to increase in maternal and child morbidity and mortality. The existence of HRFB presents significant barrier to accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals. The objectiv...
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2025-02-01
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| Series: | Reproductive Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-025-01956-9 |
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| author | Michael Ekholuenetale Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam Amadou Barrow Amit Arora |
| author_facet | Michael Ekholuenetale Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam Amadou Barrow Amit Arora |
| author_sort | Michael Ekholuenetale |
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| description | Abstract Background High-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) remains a significant public health concern in Nigeria, contributing to increase in maternal and child morbidity and mortality. The existence of HRFB presents significant barrier to accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and contextual factors of HRFB among Nigerian women. Methods In this study, cross-sectional data with national representativeness from the 2018 Nigeria demographic and health survey (NDHS) were used. The sample was made up of 21,792 women aged 15–49 years selected from 1389 enumeration areas. A multilevel multivariable binary logistic regression model was utilised to examine the factors associated with HRFB. Results The weighted prevalence of HRFB was 64% (95% CI 62–65%). Women having at least a secondary education had 14% (aOR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.77–0.98) reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with women with at most a primary education. Muslim women had 20% (aOR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.06–1.36) increase in the odds of HRFB, when compared with the Christian women. Those who had 3–4 living children had 3.97 times higher odds of HRFB, when compared with women with no child (aOR = 3.97; 95% CI 2.92–5.40). Women aged 25–34 and 35–49 years had higher odds of HRFB when compared with women aged 15–24 years respectively. Women exposed to media use had 12% (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.80–0.97) reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with women not exposed to media use. The non-poor women had 12% (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.79–0.99) reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with poor women. Respondents from female-headed households had 21% reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with those from households with male head (aOR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.69–0.92). The geographical region was significantly associated with HRFB among women. Conclusion The high prevalence of HRFB among Nigerian women underscores the need for policies and programmes targeted to address the issue. Addressing socioeconomic factors, improving education and healthcare access, and promoting family planning could significantly reduce HRFB. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c6f7d8c4bc854a6b899973759d84ed4d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1742-4755 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Reproductive Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-c6f7d8c4bc854a6b899973759d84ed4d2025-02-09T12:39:47ZengBMCReproductive Health1742-47552025-02-0122111310.1186/s12978-025-01956-9Individual, household, and community-level factors associated with high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: secondary analysis of the 2018 demographic and health survey dataMichael Ekholuenetale0Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam1Amadou Barrow2Amit Arora3Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of IbadanDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of BeninDepartment of Public & Environmental Health, School of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, University of The GambiaSchool of Health Sciences, Western Sydney UniversityAbstract Background High-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) remains a significant public health concern in Nigeria, contributing to increase in maternal and child morbidity and mortality. The existence of HRFB presents significant barrier to accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and contextual factors of HRFB among Nigerian women. Methods In this study, cross-sectional data with national representativeness from the 2018 Nigeria demographic and health survey (NDHS) were used. The sample was made up of 21,792 women aged 15–49 years selected from 1389 enumeration areas. A multilevel multivariable binary logistic regression model was utilised to examine the factors associated with HRFB. Results The weighted prevalence of HRFB was 64% (95% CI 62–65%). Women having at least a secondary education had 14% (aOR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.77–0.98) reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with women with at most a primary education. Muslim women had 20% (aOR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.06–1.36) increase in the odds of HRFB, when compared with the Christian women. Those who had 3–4 living children had 3.97 times higher odds of HRFB, when compared with women with no child (aOR = 3.97; 95% CI 2.92–5.40). Women aged 25–34 and 35–49 years had higher odds of HRFB when compared with women aged 15–24 years respectively. Women exposed to media use had 12% (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.80–0.97) reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with women not exposed to media use. The non-poor women had 12% (aOR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.79–0.99) reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with poor women. Respondents from female-headed households had 21% reduction in the odds of HRFB when compared with those from households with male head (aOR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.69–0.92). The geographical region was significantly associated with HRFB among women. Conclusion The high prevalence of HRFB among Nigerian women underscores the need for policies and programmes targeted to address the issue. Addressing socioeconomic factors, improving education and healthcare access, and promoting family planning could significantly reduce HRFB.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-025-01956-9HRFBPregnancyBirth intervalReproductive healthParity |
| spellingShingle | Michael Ekholuenetale Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam Amadou Barrow Amit Arora Individual, household, and community-level factors associated with high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: secondary analysis of the 2018 demographic and health survey data Reproductive Health HRFB Pregnancy Birth interval Reproductive health Parity |
| title | Individual, household, and community-level factors associated with high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: secondary analysis of the 2018 demographic and health survey data |
| title_full | Individual, household, and community-level factors associated with high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: secondary analysis of the 2018 demographic and health survey data |
| title_fullStr | Individual, household, and community-level factors associated with high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: secondary analysis of the 2018 demographic and health survey data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Individual, household, and community-level factors associated with high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: secondary analysis of the 2018 demographic and health survey data |
| title_short | Individual, household, and community-level factors associated with high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: secondary analysis of the 2018 demographic and health survey data |
| title_sort | individual household and community level factors associated with high risk fertility behaviour among nigerian women secondary analysis of the 2018 demographic and health survey data |
| topic | HRFB Pregnancy Birth interval Reproductive health Parity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-025-01956-9 |
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