An Improved Size and Direction Adaptive Filtering Method for Bathymetry Using ATLAS ATL03 Data
The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) employs a photon-counting detection mode with a 532 nm laser to obtain high-precision Earth surface elevation data and offers a new remote sensing method for nearshore bathymetry. The...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2242 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849704664215322624 |
|---|---|
| author | Lei Kuang Mingquan Liu Dongfang Zhang Chengjun Li Lihe Wu |
| author_facet | Lei Kuang Mingquan Liu Dongfang Zhang Chengjun Li Lihe Wu |
| author_sort | Lei Kuang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) employs a photon-counting detection mode with a 532 nm laser to obtain high-precision Earth surface elevation data and offers a new remote sensing method for nearshore bathymetry. The key issues in using ATLAS ATL03 data for bathymetry are achieving automatic and accurate extraction of signal photons in different water environments. Especially for areas with sharply fluctuating topography, the interaction of various impacts, such as topographic fluctuations, sea waves, and laser pulse direction, can result in a sharp change in photon density and distribution at the seafloor, which can cause the signal photon detection at the seafloor to be misinterpreted or omitted during analysis. Therefore, an improved size and direction adaptive filtering (ISDAF) method was proposed for nearshore bathymetry using ATLAS ATL03 data. This method can accurately distinguish between the original photons located above the sea surface, on the sea surface, and the seafloor. The size and direction of the elliptical density filter kernel automatically adapt to the sharp fluctuations in topography and changes in water depth, ensuring precise extraction of signal photons from both the sea surface and the seafloor. To evaluate the precision and reliability of the ISDAF, ATLAS ATL03 data from different water environments and seafloor terrains were used to perform bathymetric experiments. Airborne LiDAR bathymetry (ALB) data were also used to validate the bathymetric accuracy and reliability. The experimental findings show that the ISDAF consistently exhibits effectiveness in detecting and retrieving signal photons, regardless of whether the seafloor terrain is stable or dynamic. After applying refraction correction, the high accuracy of bathymetry was evidenced by a strong coefficient of determination (R<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sup>) and a low root mean square error (RMSE) between the ICESat-2 bathymetry data and ALB data. This research offers a promising approach to advancing remote sensing technologies for precise nearshore bathymetric mapping, with implications for coastal monitoring, marine ecology, and resource management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c6f388e97ab34a5cb7c5b714277a11dd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-c6f388e97ab34a5cb7c5b714277a11dd2025-08-20T03:16:42ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011713224210.3390/rs17132242An Improved Size and Direction Adaptive Filtering Method for Bathymetry Using ATLAS ATL03 DataLei Kuang0Mingquan Liu1Dongfang Zhang2Chengjun Li3Lihe Wu4School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, ChinaThe Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) employs a photon-counting detection mode with a 532 nm laser to obtain high-precision Earth surface elevation data and offers a new remote sensing method for nearshore bathymetry. The key issues in using ATLAS ATL03 data for bathymetry are achieving automatic and accurate extraction of signal photons in different water environments. Especially for areas with sharply fluctuating topography, the interaction of various impacts, such as topographic fluctuations, sea waves, and laser pulse direction, can result in a sharp change in photon density and distribution at the seafloor, which can cause the signal photon detection at the seafloor to be misinterpreted or omitted during analysis. Therefore, an improved size and direction adaptive filtering (ISDAF) method was proposed for nearshore bathymetry using ATLAS ATL03 data. This method can accurately distinguish between the original photons located above the sea surface, on the sea surface, and the seafloor. The size and direction of the elliptical density filter kernel automatically adapt to the sharp fluctuations in topography and changes in water depth, ensuring precise extraction of signal photons from both the sea surface and the seafloor. To evaluate the precision and reliability of the ISDAF, ATLAS ATL03 data from different water environments and seafloor terrains were used to perform bathymetric experiments. Airborne LiDAR bathymetry (ALB) data were also used to validate the bathymetric accuracy and reliability. The experimental findings show that the ISDAF consistently exhibits effectiveness in detecting and retrieving signal photons, regardless of whether the seafloor terrain is stable or dynamic. After applying refraction correction, the high accuracy of bathymetry was evidenced by a strong coefficient of determination (R<sup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sup>) and a low root mean square error (RMSE) between the ICESat-2 bathymetry data and ALB data. This research offers a promising approach to advancing remote sensing technologies for precise nearshore bathymetric mapping, with implications for coastal monitoring, marine ecology, and resource management.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2242ICESat-2active remote sensingsignal photon extractionshallow water bathymetryadaptive elliptic filteraccuracy verification |
| spellingShingle | Lei Kuang Mingquan Liu Dongfang Zhang Chengjun Li Lihe Wu An Improved Size and Direction Adaptive Filtering Method for Bathymetry Using ATLAS ATL03 Data Remote Sensing ICESat-2 active remote sensing signal photon extraction shallow water bathymetry adaptive elliptic filter accuracy verification |
| title | An Improved Size and Direction Adaptive Filtering Method for Bathymetry Using ATLAS ATL03 Data |
| title_full | An Improved Size and Direction Adaptive Filtering Method for Bathymetry Using ATLAS ATL03 Data |
| title_fullStr | An Improved Size and Direction Adaptive Filtering Method for Bathymetry Using ATLAS ATL03 Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Improved Size and Direction Adaptive Filtering Method for Bathymetry Using ATLAS ATL03 Data |
| title_short | An Improved Size and Direction Adaptive Filtering Method for Bathymetry Using ATLAS ATL03 Data |
| title_sort | improved size and direction adaptive filtering method for bathymetry using atlas atl03 data |
| topic | ICESat-2 active remote sensing signal photon extraction shallow water bathymetry adaptive elliptic filter accuracy verification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2242 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leikuang animprovedsizeanddirectionadaptivefilteringmethodforbathymetryusingatlasatl03data AT mingquanliu animprovedsizeanddirectionadaptivefilteringmethodforbathymetryusingatlasatl03data AT dongfangzhang animprovedsizeanddirectionadaptivefilteringmethodforbathymetryusingatlasatl03data AT chengjunli animprovedsizeanddirectionadaptivefilteringmethodforbathymetryusingatlasatl03data AT lihewu animprovedsizeanddirectionadaptivefilteringmethodforbathymetryusingatlasatl03data AT leikuang improvedsizeanddirectionadaptivefilteringmethodforbathymetryusingatlasatl03data AT mingquanliu improvedsizeanddirectionadaptivefilteringmethodforbathymetryusingatlasatl03data AT dongfangzhang improvedsizeanddirectionadaptivefilteringmethodforbathymetryusingatlasatl03data AT chengjunli improvedsizeanddirectionadaptivefilteringmethodforbathymetryusingatlasatl03data AT lihewu improvedsizeanddirectionadaptivefilteringmethodforbathymetryusingatlasatl03data |