Determinants of routine immunization coverage among under-five children in Jigawa state, Nigeria
Abstract Introduction Immunization is a cost-effective public health strategy for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. However, in recent years, the country has reportedly seen a steady decline in immunization coverage. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Abdulwali Sabo Majdi M. Alzoubi Auwalu Garba Abdulhamid Yaro Saidu Usman Sunusi Usman Ibrahim Musa Saulawa Khalid Al-Mugheed Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem |
| author_facet | Abdulwali Sabo Majdi M. Alzoubi Auwalu Garba Abdulhamid Yaro Saidu Usman Sunusi Usman Ibrahim Musa Saulawa Khalid Al-Mugheed Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem |
| author_sort | Abdulwali Sabo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction Immunization is a cost-effective public health strategy for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. However, in recent years, the country has reportedly seen a steady decline in immunization coverage. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among parents and caregivers of under-five children. A total of 400 participants were randomly selected using a simple random sampling approach. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires to evaluate the study variables. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 29. Results Awareness of routine immunization was reported by 81.5% of parents/caregivers, with 65.3% accurately identifying its definition. At the time of data collection, only 22.2% of their children had achieved complete immunization status, with 74.0% citing the long distance to healthcare facilities as the main obstacle for their child to complete immunizations. Additionally, only fathers’ monthly income (OR = 1.71, P = 0.002) and perceived waiting time (OR = 0.41, P = 0.009) were significant predictors of complete immunization. Conclusion The study indicates the need for a combination of short-term strategies, such as providing some incentive to encourage parent participation and establishing digital health records to improve real-time tracking of immunization coverage, as well as long-term strategies, such as improving infrastructure and service delivery at health centres to reduce waiting time and employing innovative technology to expand digital immunization records and reminder systems for targeted interventions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c6f1d8d4fd8d4034abe8ab538808045f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-c6f1d8d4fd8d4034abe8ab538808045f2025-08-20T03:10:38ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-06-0125111110.1186/s12889-025-23363-2Determinants of routine immunization coverage among under-five children in Jigawa state, NigeriaAbdulwali Sabo0Majdi M. Alzoubi1Auwalu Garba2Abdulhamid Yaro Saidu3Usman Sunusi Usman4Ibrahim Musa Saulawa5Khalid Al-Mugheed6Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem7Department of Public and Environmental Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Federal University DutseFaculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Federal University DutseDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Federal University DutseDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Federal University DutseDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Medical Sciences, Federal University DutseFaculty of Nursing, Riyadh Elm UniversityDepartment of Nursing Management and Education, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityAbstract Introduction Immunization is a cost-effective public health strategy for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. However, in recent years, the country has reportedly seen a steady decline in immunization coverage. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among parents and caregivers of under-five children. A total of 400 participants were randomly selected using a simple random sampling approach. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires to evaluate the study variables. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 29. Results Awareness of routine immunization was reported by 81.5% of parents/caregivers, with 65.3% accurately identifying its definition. At the time of data collection, only 22.2% of their children had achieved complete immunization status, with 74.0% citing the long distance to healthcare facilities as the main obstacle for their child to complete immunizations. Additionally, only fathers’ monthly income (OR = 1.71, P = 0.002) and perceived waiting time (OR = 0.41, P = 0.009) were significant predictors of complete immunization. Conclusion The study indicates the need for a combination of short-term strategies, such as providing some incentive to encourage parent participation and establishing digital health records to improve real-time tracking of immunization coverage, as well as long-term strategies, such as improving infrastructure and service delivery at health centres to reduce waiting time and employing innovative technology to expand digital immunization records and reminder systems for targeted interventions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23363-2Immunization statusUnder-five childrenDeterminantsDutseNigeria |
| spellingShingle | Abdulwali Sabo Majdi M. Alzoubi Auwalu Garba Abdulhamid Yaro Saidu Usman Sunusi Usman Ibrahim Musa Saulawa Khalid Al-Mugheed Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem Determinants of routine immunization coverage among under-five children in Jigawa state, Nigeria BMC Public Health Immunization status Under-five children Determinants Dutse Nigeria |
| title | Determinants of routine immunization coverage among under-five children in Jigawa state, Nigeria |
| title_full | Determinants of routine immunization coverage among under-five children in Jigawa state, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Determinants of routine immunization coverage among under-five children in Jigawa state, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of routine immunization coverage among under-five children in Jigawa state, Nigeria |
| title_short | Determinants of routine immunization coverage among under-five children in Jigawa state, Nigeria |
| title_sort | determinants of routine immunization coverage among under five children in jigawa state nigeria |
| topic | Immunization status Under-five children Determinants Dutse Nigeria |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23363-2 |
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