The long last mile of access to essential medicines: A qualitative study on access barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya and Ireland

This study examines the last mile barriers to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Kenya and Ireland, highlighting its role in reducing HIV infection among high-risk individuals. Despite PrEP's efficacy, timely access and consistent use are hindered by several obstacles. Using qualitative met...

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Main Authors: Fernandos Ongolly, Susi Geiger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Global Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17441692.2025.2547849
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author Fernandos Ongolly
Susi Geiger
author_facet Fernandos Ongolly
Susi Geiger
author_sort Fernandos Ongolly
collection DOAJ
description This study examines the last mile barriers to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Kenya and Ireland, highlighting its role in reducing HIV infection among high-risk individuals. Despite PrEP's efficacy, timely access and consistent use are hindered by several obstacles. Using qualitative methods, the study involved 54 interviews (40 in Kenya and 14 in Ireland) and 4 focus group discussions in Kenya, engaging activists, healthcare providers, policymakers and gatekeepers. Fieldwork in Ireland took place online (due to the Covid-19 pandemic) while interviews and focus group discussions in Kenya took place in-person. Data were thematically and comparatively analysed on dedoose.com. Results identified similarities and differences in socio-cultural, economic, structural, and COVID-19 pandemic barriers. In Kenya, community, and healthcare provider stigma, along with infrastructural issues, were significant impediments. In Ireland, the focus on one community limited access for others. Both countries faced additional barriers due to the pandemic, such as lockdowns, movement restrictions, overwhelmed health infrastructure, and fear of contracting COVID-19 during clinic visits. Conclusions emphasise that providing free medicines does not ensure access. Overcoming barriers at the last mile requires more focus and funding, incorporating healthcare providers’ and end users’ perspectives to improve accessibility on the ground.
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spelling doaj-art-c6f10d98f80e44c1913164a60fe9d1752025-08-22T10:51:25ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGlobal Public Health1744-16921744-17062025-12-0120110.1080/17441692.2025.2547849The long last mile of access to essential medicines: A qualitative study on access barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya and IrelandFernandos Ongolly0Susi Geiger1College of Business, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandCollege of Business, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandThis study examines the last mile barriers to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Kenya and Ireland, highlighting its role in reducing HIV infection among high-risk individuals. Despite PrEP's efficacy, timely access and consistent use are hindered by several obstacles. Using qualitative methods, the study involved 54 interviews (40 in Kenya and 14 in Ireland) and 4 focus group discussions in Kenya, engaging activists, healthcare providers, policymakers and gatekeepers. Fieldwork in Ireland took place online (due to the Covid-19 pandemic) while interviews and focus group discussions in Kenya took place in-person. Data were thematically and comparatively analysed on dedoose.com. Results identified similarities and differences in socio-cultural, economic, structural, and COVID-19 pandemic barriers. In Kenya, community, and healthcare provider stigma, along with infrastructural issues, were significant impediments. In Ireland, the focus on one community limited access for others. Both countries faced additional barriers due to the pandemic, such as lockdowns, movement restrictions, overwhelmed health infrastructure, and fear of contracting COVID-19 during clinic visits. Conclusions emphasise that providing free medicines does not ensure access. Overcoming barriers at the last mile requires more focus and funding, incorporating healthcare providers’ and end users’ perspectives to improve accessibility on the ground.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17441692.2025.2547849Access to medicinesinclusionhealth equityhealth systemsvulnerable populations
spellingShingle Fernandos Ongolly
Susi Geiger
The long last mile of access to essential medicines: A qualitative study on access barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya and Ireland
Global Public Health
Access to medicines
inclusion
health equity
health systems
vulnerable populations
title The long last mile of access to essential medicines: A qualitative study on access barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya and Ireland
title_full The long last mile of access to essential medicines: A qualitative study on access barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya and Ireland
title_fullStr The long last mile of access to essential medicines: A qualitative study on access barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya and Ireland
title_full_unstemmed The long last mile of access to essential medicines: A qualitative study on access barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya and Ireland
title_short The long last mile of access to essential medicines: A qualitative study on access barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Kenya and Ireland
title_sort long last mile of access to essential medicines a qualitative study on access barriers to hiv pre exposure prophylaxis in kenya and ireland
topic Access to medicines
inclusion
health equity
health systems
vulnerable populations
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17441692.2025.2547849
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