Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
Our knowledge of galaxy formation and evolution has incredibly progressed through multi-wavelength observational constraints of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies at all cosmic epochs. However, little is known about the physical properties of the more diffuse and lower surface brightness rese...
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2024-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu/articles/4-117/v1 |
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| author | Pamela Klaassen Mark Booth Amelie Saintonge Carlos De Breuck Helmut Dannerbauer Chian-Chou Chen Evanthia Hatziminaoglou Matus Rybak Claudia Cicone Andreas Lundgren Alice Schimek Tony Mroczkowski Philip N. Appleton Doug Johnstone Gergo Popping Luca Di Mascolo Minju Lee Sebastiano Cantalupo Manuela Bischetti Eelco van Kampen Antonio Pensabene Thomas Maccarone Bjorn H.C. Emonts Daizhong Liu Sijing Shen Matthew Smith Francesca Rizzo Sven Wedemeyer Paola Andreani Laura Sommovigo Martin A. Cordiner Alexander E. Thelen |
| author_facet | Pamela Klaassen Mark Booth Amelie Saintonge Carlos De Breuck Helmut Dannerbauer Chian-Chou Chen Evanthia Hatziminaoglou Matus Rybak Claudia Cicone Andreas Lundgren Alice Schimek Tony Mroczkowski Philip N. Appleton Doug Johnstone Gergo Popping Luca Di Mascolo Minju Lee Sebastiano Cantalupo Manuela Bischetti Eelco van Kampen Antonio Pensabene Thomas Maccarone Bjorn H.C. Emonts Daizhong Liu Sijing Shen Matthew Smith Francesca Rizzo Sven Wedemeyer Paola Andreani Laura Sommovigo Martin A. Cordiner Alexander E. Thelen |
| author_sort | Pamela Klaassen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our knowledge of galaxy formation and evolution has incredibly progressed through multi-wavelength observational constraints of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies at all cosmic epochs. However, little is known about the physical properties of the more diffuse and lower surface brightness reservoir of gas and dust that extends beyond ISM scales and fills dark matter haloes of galaxies up to their virial radii, the circumgalactic medium (CGM). New theoretical studies increasingly stress the relevance of the latter for understanding the feedback and feeding mechanisms that shape galaxies across cosmic times, whose cumulative effects leave clear imprints into the CGM. Recent studies are showing that a – so far unconstrained – fraction of the CGM mass may reside in the cold (T < 104 K) molecular and atomic phase, especially in high-redshift dense environments. These gas phases, together with the warmer ionised phase, can be studied in galaxies from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 10 through bright far-infrared and sub-millimeter emission lines such as [C ii] 158µm, [O iii] 88 µm, [C I] 609µm, [C i] 370µm, and the rotational transitions of CO. Imaging such hidden cold CGM can lead to a breakthrough in galaxy evolution studies but requires a new facility with the specifications of the proposed Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST). In this paper, we use theoretical and empirical arguments to motivate future ambitious CGM observations with AtLAST and describe the technical requirements needed for the telescope and its instrumentation to perform such science. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c6ec37b5d2e140da96754587f0a749bd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2732-5121 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | F1000 Research Ltd |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c6ec37b5d2e140da96754587f0a749bd2025-08-20T01:54:22ZengF1000 Research LtdOpen Research Europe2732-51212024-06-01410.12688/openreseurope.17452.118859Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]Pamela Klaassen0Mark Booth1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-6336Amelie Saintonge2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-3450Carlos De Breuck3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-3315Helmut Dannerbauer4Chian-Chou Chen5Evanthia Hatziminaoglou6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0917-9636Matus Rybak7Claudia Cicone8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-6941Andreas Lundgren9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-5301Alice Schimek10Tony Mroczkowski11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3816-5372Philip N. Appleton12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7607-8766Doug Johnstone13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-459XGergo Popping14Luca Di Mascolo15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3586-4485Minju Lee16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-3068Sebastiano Cantalupo17Manuela Bischetti18Eelco van Kampen19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-5154Antonio Pensabene20https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-4953Thomas Maccarone21Bjorn H.C. Emonts22Daizhong Liu23https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9773-7479Sijing Shen24Matthew Smith25https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-6970Francesca Rizzo26Sven Wedemeyer27Paola Andreani28https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9493-0169Laura Sommovigo29Martin A. Cordiner30Alexander E. Thelen31UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UKUK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, England, UKEuropean Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen, 85748, GermanyInstituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, SpainInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica, Taipei City, TaiwanEuropean Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen, 85748, GermanyLeiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden, South Holland, The NetherlandsInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Oslo, NorwayAix-Marseille-University, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, FranceInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Oslo, NorwayEuropean Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen, 85748, GermanyInfrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USANRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, Victoria, CanadaEuropean Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen, 85748, GermanyAstronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, ItalyCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Physics, University of Milan Bicocca, Milano, ItalyAstronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, ItalyEuropean Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen, 85748, GermanyDepartment of Physics, University of Milan Bicocca, Milano, ItalyDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USANational Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, USAMax Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Garching, GermanyInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Oslo, NorwaySchool of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UKCosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, DenmarkInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Oslo, NorwayEuropean Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen, 85748, GermanyCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York, USAAstrochemistry Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USADivision of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USAOur knowledge of galaxy formation and evolution has incredibly progressed through multi-wavelength observational constraints of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies at all cosmic epochs. However, little is known about the physical properties of the more diffuse and lower surface brightness reservoir of gas and dust that extends beyond ISM scales and fills dark matter haloes of galaxies up to their virial radii, the circumgalactic medium (CGM). New theoretical studies increasingly stress the relevance of the latter for understanding the feedback and feeding mechanisms that shape galaxies across cosmic times, whose cumulative effects leave clear imprints into the CGM. Recent studies are showing that a – so far unconstrained – fraction of the CGM mass may reside in the cold (T < 104 K) molecular and atomic phase, especially in high-redshift dense environments. These gas phases, together with the warmer ionised phase, can be studied in galaxies from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 10 through bright far-infrared and sub-millimeter emission lines such as [C ii] 158µm, [O iii] 88 µm, [C I] 609µm, [C i] 370µm, and the rotational transitions of CO. Imaging such hidden cold CGM can lead to a breakthrough in galaxy evolution studies but requires a new facility with the specifications of the proposed Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST). In this paper, we use theoretical and empirical arguments to motivate future ambitious CGM observations with AtLAST and describe the technical requirements needed for the telescope and its instrumentation to perform such science.https://open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu/articles/4-117/v1Galaxies circumgalactic medium intergalactic medium ISM evolution Submillimeter galaxieseng |
| spellingShingle | Pamela Klaassen Mark Booth Amelie Saintonge Carlos De Breuck Helmut Dannerbauer Chian-Chou Chen Evanthia Hatziminaoglou Matus Rybak Claudia Cicone Andreas Lundgren Alice Schimek Tony Mroczkowski Philip N. Appleton Doug Johnstone Gergo Popping Luca Di Mascolo Minju Lee Sebastiano Cantalupo Manuela Bischetti Eelco van Kampen Antonio Pensabene Thomas Maccarone Bjorn H.C. Emonts Daizhong Liu Sijing Shen Matthew Smith Francesca Rizzo Sven Wedemeyer Paola Andreani Laura Sommovigo Martin A. Cordiner Alexander E. Thelen Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] Open Research Europe Galaxies circumgalactic medium intergalactic medium ISM evolution Submillimeter galaxies eng |
| title | Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_full | Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_fullStr | Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_short | Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_sort | atacama large aperture submillimeter telescope atlast science the hidden circumgalactic medium version 1 peer review 2 approved |
| topic | Galaxies circumgalactic medium intergalactic medium ISM evolution Submillimeter galaxies eng |
| url | https://open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu/articles/4-117/v1 |
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