A comparative study on Arc- and vacuum induction-melting for Ti 16.6 Zr 16.6 Hf 16.6 Co 10 Ni 20 Cu 20 high entropy shape memory Alloy Production

Abstract Arc-melting (AM) as a primary method for casting high entropy alloys (HEAs) ensures rapid alloy screening with minimal material input, high cost-effectiveness, and high cooling rates. However, the limitations of AM on a laboratory scale, particularly its constrained sample size and the nece...

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Main Authors: Christian Hinte, Andrea Fantin, Khemais Barienti, Sebastian Herbst, Jan Frenzel, Gunther Eggeler, Hans Jürgen Maier
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2024-11-01
Series:Discover Materials
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-024-00134-1
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author Christian Hinte
Andrea Fantin
Khemais Barienti
Sebastian Herbst
Jan Frenzel
Gunther Eggeler
Hans Jürgen Maier
author_facet Christian Hinte
Andrea Fantin
Khemais Barienti
Sebastian Herbst
Jan Frenzel
Gunther Eggeler
Hans Jürgen Maier
author_sort Christian Hinte
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Arc-melting (AM) as a primary method for casting high entropy alloys (HEAs) ensures rapid alloy screening with minimal material input, high cost-effectiveness, and high cooling rates. However, the limitations of AM on a laboratory scale, particularly its constrained sample size and the necessity for remelting steps to ensure homogeneity, hampers thorough mechanical and functional testing of bulk materials. Therefore, this study features a comparative analysis between AM and vacuum induction-melting (VIM) techniques for High Entropy Shape Memory Alloys (HE-SMAs) production, focusing on the senary alloy Ti 16.6 Zr 16.6 Hf 16.6 Co 10 Ni 20 Cu 20 , known for its potential functional applications and high sensitivity to material inhomogeneity. The alloy’s composition, including high-melting point elements like Hf, Ti and Zr, makes it a well-suited candidate for assessing the capabilities of VIM in producing homogeneous bulk materials. The employment of binary pre-alloys in both AM and VIM processes reduced the necessity for remelting steps and ensured better initial quality for subsequent heat treatments. A homogenization treatment at 900 °C for 100 h of an AM-produced senary alloy showed only slight improvements compared to the same alloy produced via VIM, largely due to the slow diffusion of the larger Hf and Zr atoms from the dendrites into the solid solution. This suggests that VIM can achieve comparable levels of homogenization in substantially less time than required for AM-treated samples. The findings finally indicate that by using VIM, when combined with binary pre-alloys, one achieves more homogeneous alloys with reduced heat-treatment time, making it a viable method for HE-SMA production.
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spelling doaj-art-c6e84b537c0c4af99455df948140f5bd2025-08-20T02:38:35ZengSpringerDiscover Materials2730-77272024-11-01411910.1007/s43939-024-00134-1A comparative study on Arc- and vacuum induction-melting for Ti 16.6 Zr 16.6 Hf 16.6 Co 10 Ni 20 Cu 20 high entropy shape memory Alloy ProductionChristian Hinte0Andrea Fantin1Khemais Barienti2Sebastian Herbst3Jan Frenzel4Gunther Eggeler5Hans Jürgen Maier6Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität HannoverBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, WerkstofftechnikInstitut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität HannoverInstitut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität HannoverLehrstuhl Werkstoffwissenschaft, Ruhr-Universität BochumLehrstuhl Werkstoffwissenschaft, Ruhr-Universität BochumInstitut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität HannoverAbstract Arc-melting (AM) as a primary method for casting high entropy alloys (HEAs) ensures rapid alloy screening with minimal material input, high cost-effectiveness, and high cooling rates. However, the limitations of AM on a laboratory scale, particularly its constrained sample size and the necessity for remelting steps to ensure homogeneity, hampers thorough mechanical and functional testing of bulk materials. Therefore, this study features a comparative analysis between AM and vacuum induction-melting (VIM) techniques for High Entropy Shape Memory Alloys (HE-SMAs) production, focusing on the senary alloy Ti 16.6 Zr 16.6 Hf 16.6 Co 10 Ni 20 Cu 20 , known for its potential functional applications and high sensitivity to material inhomogeneity. The alloy’s composition, including high-melting point elements like Hf, Ti and Zr, makes it a well-suited candidate for assessing the capabilities of VIM in producing homogeneous bulk materials. The employment of binary pre-alloys in both AM and VIM processes reduced the necessity for remelting steps and ensured better initial quality for subsequent heat treatments. A homogenization treatment at 900 °C for 100 h of an AM-produced senary alloy showed only slight improvements compared to the same alloy produced via VIM, largely due to the slow diffusion of the larger Hf and Zr atoms from the dendrites into the solid solution. This suggests that VIM can achieve comparable levels of homogenization in substantially less time than required for AM-treated samples. The findings finally indicate that by using VIM, when combined with binary pre-alloys, one achieves more homogeneous alloys with reduced heat-treatment time, making it a viable method for HE-SMA production.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-024-00134-1High-entropy alloys (HEAs)Shape memory alloys (SMAs)X-Ray diffraction (XRD)Vacuum induction-melting (VIM)Arc-melting (AM)
spellingShingle Christian Hinte
Andrea Fantin
Khemais Barienti
Sebastian Herbst
Jan Frenzel
Gunther Eggeler
Hans Jürgen Maier
A comparative study on Arc- and vacuum induction-melting for Ti 16.6 Zr 16.6 Hf 16.6 Co 10 Ni 20 Cu 20 high entropy shape memory Alloy Production
Discover Materials
High-entropy alloys (HEAs)
Shape memory alloys (SMAs)
X-Ray diffraction (XRD)
Vacuum induction-melting (VIM)
Arc-melting (AM)
title A comparative study on Arc- and vacuum induction-melting for Ti 16.6 Zr 16.6 Hf 16.6 Co 10 Ni 20 Cu 20 high entropy shape memory Alloy Production
title_full A comparative study on Arc- and vacuum induction-melting for Ti 16.6 Zr 16.6 Hf 16.6 Co 10 Ni 20 Cu 20 high entropy shape memory Alloy Production
title_fullStr A comparative study on Arc- and vacuum induction-melting for Ti 16.6 Zr 16.6 Hf 16.6 Co 10 Ni 20 Cu 20 high entropy shape memory Alloy Production
title_full_unstemmed A comparative study on Arc- and vacuum induction-melting for Ti 16.6 Zr 16.6 Hf 16.6 Co 10 Ni 20 Cu 20 high entropy shape memory Alloy Production
title_short A comparative study on Arc- and vacuum induction-melting for Ti 16.6 Zr 16.6 Hf 16.6 Co 10 Ni 20 Cu 20 high entropy shape memory Alloy Production
title_sort comparative study on arc and vacuum induction melting for ti 16 6 zr 16 6 hf 16 6 co 10 ni 20 cu 20 high entropy shape memory alloy production
topic High-entropy alloys (HEAs)
Shape memory alloys (SMAs)
X-Ray diffraction (XRD)
Vacuum induction-melting (VIM)
Arc-melting (AM)
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s43939-024-00134-1
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