Exploration of biophoton characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica fort leaves under salt and drought stresses and the feasibility analysis for the quality prediction of Isatidis Folium

IntroductionIsatidis Folium, derived from the dried leaves of Isatis indigotica Fort, has been used for centuries as a traditional Chinese herb with antibacterial and antiviral properties. However, both the cultivation conditions and the growth status of Isatis indigotica Fort have been negatively a...

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Main Authors: Zhiying Wang, Baorui Cao, Yueyue Ma, Weifan Xu, Jialei Fu, Zhongwen Zhang, Jinxin Du, Tingting Deng, Jingxiang Pang, Meina Yang, Jinxiang Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1523636/full
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author Zhiying Wang
Zhiying Wang
Baorui Cao
Baorui Cao
Yueyue Ma
Weifan Xu
Jialei Fu
Zhongwen Zhang
Jinxin Du
Tingting Deng
Jingxiang Pang
Meina Yang
Meina Yang
Jinxiang Han
Jinxiang Han
author_facet Zhiying Wang
Zhiying Wang
Baorui Cao
Baorui Cao
Yueyue Ma
Weifan Xu
Jialei Fu
Zhongwen Zhang
Jinxin Du
Tingting Deng
Jingxiang Pang
Meina Yang
Meina Yang
Jinxiang Han
Jinxiang Han
author_sort Zhiying Wang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionIsatidis Folium, derived from the dried leaves of Isatis indigotica Fort, has been used for centuries as a traditional Chinese herb with antibacterial and antiviral properties. However, both the cultivation conditions and the growth status of Isatis indigotica Fort have been negatively affected by climatic and environmental degradation, which has made it challenging to accurately assess the quality of Isatidis Folium. The current quality control system for Isatidis Folium lacks precision and comprehensive identification indices, and importantly, the cultivation process has not been integrated into this system.MethodsIn this study, we proposed a novel method to distinguish between different stress subtypes in Isatis indigotica Fort based on biophoton emission and attempted to explore the potential relationship between the biophoton characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica Fort leaves and the quality of Isatidis Folium. The delayed luminescence (DL) and spontaneous photon emission (SPE) characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica Fort leaves under different stress conditions were detected using a biophoton detection system. An attempt was made to differentiate samples subjected to various stress treatments using biophoton characteristic parameters. Additionally, the content of active ingredients was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, and the inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated to identify the quality of Isatidis Folium. Several physiological indicators of fresh Isatis indigotica Fort leaves, including the photosynthetic pigment content, relative electrical conductivity, and reactive oxygen species production rate were also determined.ResultThe differences in physiological indices, active ingredient content, and inhibitory activity indicated that the stress conditions significantly inhibited the growth status of Isatis indigotica Fort leaves and the herbal quality. Meanwhile, biophoton characteristic parameters were obtained that could accurately and efficiently distinguish fresh Isatis indigotica Fort leaves between different stress subtypes: initial intensity of DL and counts per second of SPE. Both characteristic parameters were highly correlated with the physiological indicators and quality of Isatidis Folium.DiscussionThis study has preliminarily demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing biophoton detection technology for the quality evaluation of Isatidis Folium during cultivation for the first time and provided an improved method for distinguishing samples of various qualities.
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spelling doaj-art-c6dd971ca1df4729ab3abefedc02a3882025-08-20T02:56:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-03-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15236361523636Exploration of biophoton characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica fort leaves under salt and drought stresses and the feasibility analysis for the quality prediction of Isatidis FoliumZhiying Wang0Zhiying Wang1Baorui Cao2Baorui Cao3Yueyue Ma4Weifan Xu5Jialei Fu6Zhongwen Zhang7Jinxin Du8Tingting Deng9Jingxiang Pang10Meina Yang11Meina Yang12Jinxiang Han13Jinxiang Han14Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, ChinaBiomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medical Biotechnology Research Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaBiomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medical Biotechnology Research Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, ChinaBiomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medical Biotechnology Research Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaBiomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medical Biotechnology Research Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaInstitute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Shandong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Geriatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, ChinaBiomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medical Biotechnology Research Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaCollege of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, ChinaBiomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medical Biotechnology Research Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, ChinaBiomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medical Biotechnology Research Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, ChinaBiomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medical Biotechnology Research Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaIntroductionIsatidis Folium, derived from the dried leaves of Isatis indigotica Fort, has been used for centuries as a traditional Chinese herb with antibacterial and antiviral properties. However, both the cultivation conditions and the growth status of Isatis indigotica Fort have been negatively affected by climatic and environmental degradation, which has made it challenging to accurately assess the quality of Isatidis Folium. The current quality control system for Isatidis Folium lacks precision and comprehensive identification indices, and importantly, the cultivation process has not been integrated into this system.MethodsIn this study, we proposed a novel method to distinguish between different stress subtypes in Isatis indigotica Fort based on biophoton emission and attempted to explore the potential relationship between the biophoton characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica Fort leaves and the quality of Isatidis Folium. The delayed luminescence (DL) and spontaneous photon emission (SPE) characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica Fort leaves under different stress conditions were detected using a biophoton detection system. An attempt was made to differentiate samples subjected to various stress treatments using biophoton characteristic parameters. Additionally, the content of active ingredients was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, and the inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated to identify the quality of Isatidis Folium. Several physiological indicators of fresh Isatis indigotica Fort leaves, including the photosynthetic pigment content, relative electrical conductivity, and reactive oxygen species production rate were also determined.ResultThe differences in physiological indices, active ingredient content, and inhibitory activity indicated that the stress conditions significantly inhibited the growth status of Isatis indigotica Fort leaves and the herbal quality. Meanwhile, biophoton characteristic parameters were obtained that could accurately and efficiently distinguish fresh Isatis indigotica Fort leaves between different stress subtypes: initial intensity of DL and counts per second of SPE. Both characteristic parameters were highly correlated with the physiological indicators and quality of Isatidis Folium.DiscussionThis study has preliminarily demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing biophoton detection technology for the quality evaluation of Isatidis Folium during cultivation for the first time and provided an improved method for distinguishing samples of various qualities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1523636/fullIsatis indigotica FortIsatidis Foliumbiophoton emissionstress conditionquality evaluationactive ingredient content
spellingShingle Zhiying Wang
Zhiying Wang
Baorui Cao
Baorui Cao
Yueyue Ma
Weifan Xu
Jialei Fu
Zhongwen Zhang
Jinxin Du
Tingting Deng
Jingxiang Pang
Meina Yang
Meina Yang
Jinxiang Han
Jinxiang Han
Exploration of biophoton characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica fort leaves under salt and drought stresses and the feasibility analysis for the quality prediction of Isatidis Folium
Frontiers in Plant Science
Isatis indigotica Fort
Isatidis Folium
biophoton emission
stress condition
quality evaluation
active ingredient content
title Exploration of biophoton characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica fort leaves under salt and drought stresses and the feasibility analysis for the quality prediction of Isatidis Folium
title_full Exploration of biophoton characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica fort leaves under salt and drought stresses and the feasibility analysis for the quality prediction of Isatidis Folium
title_fullStr Exploration of biophoton characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica fort leaves under salt and drought stresses and the feasibility analysis for the quality prediction of Isatidis Folium
title_full_unstemmed Exploration of biophoton characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica fort leaves under salt and drought stresses and the feasibility analysis for the quality prediction of Isatidis Folium
title_short Exploration of biophoton characteristics of fresh Isatis indigotica fort leaves under salt and drought stresses and the feasibility analysis for the quality prediction of Isatidis Folium
title_sort exploration of biophoton characteristics of fresh isatis indigotica fort leaves under salt and drought stresses and the feasibility analysis for the quality prediction of isatidis folium
topic Isatis indigotica Fort
Isatidis Folium
biophoton emission
stress condition
quality evaluation
active ingredient content
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1523636/full
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