High-performance and recyclable epoxy resins based on fully bio-based hardeners containing Schiff base structures
The development of recyclable bio-based epoxy resins has been the focus of research nowadays, particularly in light of increasing environmental concerns and the drive for resource recycling. Herein, two fully bio-based epoxy curing agents, VLYS (fully bio-based Schiff basic epoxy curing agent based...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
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| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250109 |
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| author | Ruize Zhang Jiaqi Zhong Gaosheng Wu Kaidi Xu Xiaoli Xu Xuliang Cui Baoyun Xu Xiaolei li |
| author_facet | Ruize Zhang Jiaqi Zhong Gaosheng Wu Kaidi Xu Xiaoli Xu Xuliang Cui Baoyun Xu Xiaolei li |
| author_sort | Ruize Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of recyclable bio-based epoxy resins has been the focus of research nowadays, particularly in light of increasing environmental concerns and the drive for resource recycling. Herein, two fully bio-based epoxy curing agents, VLYS (fully bio-based Schiff basic epoxy curing agent based on vanillin and lysine) and VLEV (fully bio-based Schiff basic epoxy curing agent based on vanillin and levodopa), were synthesized by reacting amino acids—lysine and levodopa, respectively—with vanillin. Both epoxy resins cured by these two hardeners, VLYS-E and VLEV-E, show high glass transition temperatures (Tg > 141°C) and superior mechanical properties (Young’s modulus >1000 MPa and flexural modulus >2900 MPa), which are far better than the resin system based on a petroleum-based curing agent. The incorporation of the Schiff base endows these resins with degradability and reprocessability, while exhibiting high-percentage retention of thermal and mechanical properties after two cycles. Taken together, these findings suggest that these fully bio-based curing agents hold significant potential to supplant conventional hardeners. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c6d96a1ef1a248c0ba36ccda67d1ea36 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-c6d96a1ef1a248c0ba36ccda67d1ea362025-08-20T02:48:00ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-07-0112710.1098/rsos.250109High-performance and recyclable epoxy resins based on fully bio-based hardeners containing Schiff base structuresRuize Zhang0Jiaqi Zhong1Gaosheng Wu2Kaidi Xu3Xiaoli Xu4Xuliang Cui5Baoyun Xu6Xiaolei li7Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaShanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaThe development of recyclable bio-based epoxy resins has been the focus of research nowadays, particularly in light of increasing environmental concerns and the drive for resource recycling. Herein, two fully bio-based epoxy curing agents, VLYS (fully bio-based Schiff basic epoxy curing agent based on vanillin and lysine) and VLEV (fully bio-based Schiff basic epoxy curing agent based on vanillin and levodopa), were synthesized by reacting amino acids—lysine and levodopa, respectively—with vanillin. Both epoxy resins cured by these two hardeners, VLYS-E and VLEV-E, show high glass transition temperatures (Tg > 141°C) and superior mechanical properties (Young’s modulus >1000 MPa and flexural modulus >2900 MPa), which are far better than the resin system based on a petroleum-based curing agent. The incorporation of the Schiff base endows these resins with degradability and reprocessability, while exhibiting high-percentage retention of thermal and mechanical properties after two cycles. Taken together, these findings suggest that these fully bio-based curing agents hold significant potential to supplant conventional hardeners.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250109epoxy curing agentfully bio-baseddegradableSchiff basevanillinamino acid |
| spellingShingle | Ruize Zhang Jiaqi Zhong Gaosheng Wu Kaidi Xu Xiaoli Xu Xuliang Cui Baoyun Xu Xiaolei li High-performance and recyclable epoxy resins based on fully bio-based hardeners containing Schiff base structures Royal Society Open Science epoxy curing agent fully bio-based degradable Schiff base vanillin amino acid |
| title | High-performance and recyclable epoxy resins based on fully bio-based hardeners containing Schiff base structures |
| title_full | High-performance and recyclable epoxy resins based on fully bio-based hardeners containing Schiff base structures |
| title_fullStr | High-performance and recyclable epoxy resins based on fully bio-based hardeners containing Schiff base structures |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-performance and recyclable epoxy resins based on fully bio-based hardeners containing Schiff base structures |
| title_short | High-performance and recyclable epoxy resins based on fully bio-based hardeners containing Schiff base structures |
| title_sort | high performance and recyclable epoxy resins based on fully bio based hardeners containing schiff base structures |
| topic | epoxy curing agent fully bio-based degradable Schiff base vanillin amino acid |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250109 |
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