The concentration and energetic content of floral nectar sugars: calculation, conversions, and common confusions

The sugar concentration of floral nectar is a key metric for describing nectar composition and a major factor influencing pollinator visitation to flowers. Across pollination biology research there are multiple approaches in use for describing nectar sugar concentration. With these different approa...

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Main Authors: Jonathan Pattrick, Jennifer Scott, Geraldine Wright
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Enviroquest Ltd. 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Pollination Ecology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://pollinationecology.org/index.php/jpe/article/view/821
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author Jonathan Pattrick
Jennifer Scott
Geraldine Wright
author_facet Jonathan Pattrick
Jennifer Scott
Geraldine Wright
author_sort Jonathan Pattrick
collection DOAJ
description The sugar concentration of floral nectar is a key metric for describing nectar composition and a major factor influencing pollinator visitation to flowers. Across pollination biology research there are multiple approaches in use for describing nectar sugar concentration. With these different approaches there are several potential sources of confusion which, if not accounted for, can lead to errors. Further potential for error arises if researchers wish to make comparisons between the energetic content of nectars containing different ratios of sucrose, fructose and glucose. Regardless of whether concentration is measured per mole or per unit mass, the energetic content differs between the hexose sugars (glucose and fructose) and sucrose. Appropriate conversion is needed for direct comparison. Here we address these two issues with the following aims. We consolidate the literature on this topic with examples of the different methods for reporting nectar sugar concentrations, provide insight into potential sources of error, and derive equations for converting between the different ways of expressing sugar concentration for the three primary nectar sugars: sucrose, glucose and fructose. Second, we discuss the relative energetic content of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and rationalise adjustment of ‘energetic value’ rather than reporting concentration directly. In this way, we hope to harmonise ongoing work in pollination ecology.
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spelling doaj-art-c6d3cf0fd81d4a6ba0d6914dae5be4b22025-08-20T02:37:02ZengEnviroquest Ltd.Journal of Pollination Ecology1920-76032025-06-0110.26786/1920-7603(2025)821The concentration and energetic content of floral nectar sugars: calculation, conversions, and common confusionsJonathan Pattrick0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-5500Jennifer Scotthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5714-0106Geraldine Wrighthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-021XUniversity of Oxford The sugar concentration of floral nectar is a key metric for describing nectar composition and a major factor influencing pollinator visitation to flowers. Across pollination biology research there are multiple approaches in use for describing nectar sugar concentration. With these different approaches there are several potential sources of confusion which, if not accounted for, can lead to errors. Further potential for error arises if researchers wish to make comparisons between the energetic content of nectars containing different ratios of sucrose, fructose and glucose. Regardless of whether concentration is measured per mole or per unit mass, the energetic content differs between the hexose sugars (glucose and fructose) and sucrose. Appropriate conversion is needed for direct comparison. Here we address these two issues with the following aims. We consolidate the literature on this topic with examples of the different methods for reporting nectar sugar concentrations, provide insight into potential sources of error, and derive equations for converting between the different ways of expressing sugar concentration for the three primary nectar sugars: sucrose, glucose and fructose. Second, we discuss the relative energetic content of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and rationalise adjustment of ‘energetic value’ rather than reporting concentration directly. In this way, we hope to harmonise ongoing work in pollination ecology. https://pollinationecology.org/index.php/jpe/article/view/821sucrosefructoseglucosemolarity% w/w% w/v
spellingShingle Jonathan Pattrick
Jennifer Scott
Geraldine Wright
The concentration and energetic content of floral nectar sugars: calculation, conversions, and common confusions
Journal of Pollination Ecology
sucrose
fructose
glucose
molarity
% w/w
% w/v
title The concentration and energetic content of floral nectar sugars: calculation, conversions, and common confusions
title_full The concentration and energetic content of floral nectar sugars: calculation, conversions, and common confusions
title_fullStr The concentration and energetic content of floral nectar sugars: calculation, conversions, and common confusions
title_full_unstemmed The concentration and energetic content of floral nectar sugars: calculation, conversions, and common confusions
title_short The concentration and energetic content of floral nectar sugars: calculation, conversions, and common confusions
title_sort concentration and energetic content of floral nectar sugars calculation conversions and common confusions
topic sucrose
fructose
glucose
molarity
% w/w
% w/v
url https://pollinationecology.org/index.php/jpe/article/view/821
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