Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO2 yr−1 Removal Challenge for Germany
Abstract Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) and geological carbon storage in the marine environment (mCS) promise to help mitigate global climate change alongside drastic emission reductions. However, the implementable potential of mCDR and mCS depends, apart from technology readiness, also on sit...
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2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF004902 |
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| author | W. Yao T. M. Morganti J. Wu M. Borchers A. Anschütz L.‐K. Bednarz A. Bhaumik M. Böttcher K. Burkhard T. Cabus A. S. Chua I. Diercks M. Esposito M. Fink M. Fouqueray F. Gasanzade S. Geilert J. Hauck F. Havermann I. Hellige S. Hoog M. Jürchott H. T. Kalapurakkal J. Kemper I. Kremin I. Lange J. M. Lencina‐Avila M. Liadova F. Liu S. Mathesius N. Mehendale T. Nagwekar M. Philippi G. L. N. Luz M. Ramasamy F. Stahl L. Tank M.‐E. Vorrath L. Westmark H.‐W. Wey R. Wollnik M. Wölfelschneider W. Bach K. Bischof M. Boersma U. Daewel M. Fernández‐Méndez J. K. Geuer D. P. Keller A. Kopf C. Merk N. Moosdorf N. Oppelt A. Oschlies J. Pongratz A. Proelss G. J. Rehder L. Rüpke N. Szarka D. Thraen K. Wallmann N. Mengis |
| author_facet | W. Yao T. M. Morganti J. Wu M. Borchers A. Anschütz L.‐K. Bednarz A. Bhaumik M. Böttcher K. Burkhard T. Cabus A. S. Chua I. Diercks M. Esposito M. Fink M. Fouqueray F. Gasanzade S. Geilert J. Hauck F. Havermann I. Hellige S. Hoog M. Jürchott H. T. Kalapurakkal J. Kemper I. Kremin I. Lange J. M. Lencina‐Avila M. Liadova F. Liu S. Mathesius N. Mehendale T. Nagwekar M. Philippi G. L. N. Luz M. Ramasamy F. Stahl L. Tank M.‐E. Vorrath L. Westmark H.‐W. Wey R. Wollnik M. Wölfelschneider W. Bach K. Bischof M. Boersma U. Daewel M. Fernández‐Méndez J. K. Geuer D. P. Keller A. Kopf C. Merk N. Moosdorf N. Oppelt A. Oschlies J. Pongratz A. Proelss G. J. Rehder L. Rüpke N. Szarka D. Thraen K. Wallmann N. Mengis |
| author_sort | W. Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) and geological carbon storage in the marine environment (mCS) promise to help mitigate global climate change alongside drastic emission reductions. However, the implementable potential of mCDR and mCS depends, apart from technology readiness, also on site‐specific conditions. In this work, we explore different options for mCDR and mCS, using the German context as a case study. We challenge each option to remove 10 Mt CO2 yr−1, accounting for 8%–22% of projected hard‐to‐abate and residual emissions of Germany in 2045. We focus on the environmental, resource, and infrastructure requirements of individual mCDR and mCS options at specific sites, within the German jurisdiction when possible. This serves as an entry point to discuss main uncertainty factors and research needs beyond technology readiness, and, where possible, cost estimates, expected environmental effects, and monitoring approaches. In total, we describe 10 mCDR and mCS options; four aim at enhancing the chemical carbon uptake of the ocean through alkalinity enhancement, four aim at enhancing blue carbon ecosystems' sink capacity, and two employ geological off‐shore storage. Our results indicate that five out of 10 options would potentially be implementable within German jurisdiction, and three of them could potentially meet the challenge. Our exercise serves as an example on how the creation of more tangible and site‐specific CDR options can provide a basis for the assessment of socio‐economic, ethical, political, and legal aspects for such implementations. The approach presented here can easily be applied to other regional or national CDR capacity considerations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c6c666ebdd304bbfa86437cd475bc04a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2328-4277 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth's Future |
| spelling | doaj-art-c6c666ebdd304bbfa86437cd475bc04a2025-08-20T03:47:24ZengWileyEarth's Future2328-42772025-04-01134n/an/a10.1029/2024EF004902Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO2 yr−1 Removal Challenge for GermanyW. Yao0T. M. Morganti1J. Wu2M. Borchers3A. Anschütz4L.‐K. Bednarz5A. Bhaumik6M. Böttcher7K. Burkhard8T. Cabus9A. S. Chua10I. Diercks11M. Esposito12M. Fink13M. Fouqueray14F. Gasanzade15S. Geilert16J. Hauck17F. Havermann18I. Hellige19S. Hoog20M. Jürchott21H. T. Kalapurakkal22J. Kemper23I. Kremin24I. Lange25J. M. Lencina‐Avila26M. Liadova27F. Liu28S. Mathesius29N. Mehendale30T. Nagwekar31M. Philippi32G. L. N. Luz33M. Ramasamy34F. Stahl35L. Tank36M.‐E. Vorrath37L. Westmark38H.‐W. Wey39R. Wollnik40M. Wölfelschneider41W. Bach42K. Bischof43M. Boersma44U. Daewel45M. Fernández‐Méndez46J. K. Geuer47D. P. Keller48A. Kopf49C. Merk50N. Moosdorf51N. Oppelt52A. Oschlies53J. Pongratz54A. Proelss55G. J. Rehder56L. Rüpke57N. Szarka58D. Thraen59K. Wallmann60N. Mengis61GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) Rostock GermanyAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven GermanyDepartment of Bioenergy Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig GermanyLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) Rostock GermanyKiel Institute for the World Economy Kiel GermanyAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven GermanySWP‐German Institute for International and Security Affairs Berlin GermanyLeibniz University Hannover Hannover GermanyKiel University Kiel GermanyDalhousie University Halifax NS CanadaGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyUniversity of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyLeibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Bremen GermanyKiel University Kiel GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven GermanyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich GermanyMax Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen GermanyFichtner GmbH & Co. KG Hamburg GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyUniversity of Applied Sciences Kiel Kiel GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyUniversity of Bremen Bremen GermanyLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) Rostock GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyHelmholtz Centre Hereon Hamburg GermanyPotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) Member of the Leibniz Association Potsdam GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven GermanyAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven GermanyUniversity of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyLeibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Bremen GermanyUniversity of Bremen Bremen GermanyKiel University Kiel GermanyUniversity of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyUniversity of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyGerman Biomass Research Centre Leipzig GermanyLeibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Bremen GermanyUniversity of Bremen Bremen GermanyUniversity of Bremen Bremen GermanyAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven GermanyHelmholtz Centre Hereon Hamburg GermanyAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven GermanyMax Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyUniversity of Bremen Bremen GermanyKiel Institute for the World Economy Kiel GermanyKiel University Kiel GermanyKiel University Kiel GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich GermanyUniversity of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) Rostock GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyGerman Biomass Research Centre Leipzig GermanyDepartment of Bioenergy Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel GermanyAbstract Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) and geological carbon storage in the marine environment (mCS) promise to help mitigate global climate change alongside drastic emission reductions. However, the implementable potential of mCDR and mCS depends, apart from technology readiness, also on site‐specific conditions. In this work, we explore different options for mCDR and mCS, using the German context as a case study. We challenge each option to remove 10 Mt CO2 yr−1, accounting for 8%–22% of projected hard‐to‐abate and residual emissions of Germany in 2045. We focus on the environmental, resource, and infrastructure requirements of individual mCDR and mCS options at specific sites, within the German jurisdiction when possible. This serves as an entry point to discuss main uncertainty factors and research needs beyond technology readiness, and, where possible, cost estimates, expected environmental effects, and monitoring approaches. In total, we describe 10 mCDR and mCS options; four aim at enhancing the chemical carbon uptake of the ocean through alkalinity enhancement, four aim at enhancing blue carbon ecosystems' sink capacity, and two employ geological off‐shore storage. Our results indicate that five out of 10 options would potentially be implementable within German jurisdiction, and three of them could potentially meet the challenge. Our exercise serves as an example on how the creation of more tangible and site‐specific CDR options can provide a basis for the assessment of socio‐economic, ethical, political, and legal aspects for such implementations. The approach presented here can easily be applied to other regional or national CDR capacity considerations.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF004902carbon dioxide removal (CDR)net‐zeroocean‐based climate mitigationnatural carbon sink enhancementartificial upwellingseaweed farming |
| spellingShingle | W. Yao T. M. Morganti J. Wu M. Borchers A. Anschütz L.‐K. Bednarz A. Bhaumik M. Böttcher K. Burkhard T. Cabus A. S. Chua I. Diercks M. Esposito M. Fink M. Fouqueray F. Gasanzade S. Geilert J. Hauck F. Havermann I. Hellige S. Hoog M. Jürchott H. T. Kalapurakkal J. Kemper I. Kremin I. Lange J. M. Lencina‐Avila M. Liadova F. Liu S. Mathesius N. Mehendale T. Nagwekar M. Philippi G. L. N. Luz M. Ramasamy F. Stahl L. Tank M.‐E. Vorrath L. Westmark H.‐W. Wey R. Wollnik M. Wölfelschneider W. Bach K. Bischof M. Boersma U. Daewel M. Fernández‐Méndez J. K. Geuer D. P. Keller A. Kopf C. Merk N. Moosdorf N. Oppelt A. Oschlies J. Pongratz A. Proelss G. J. Rehder L. Rüpke N. Szarka D. Thraen K. Wallmann N. Mengis Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO2 yr−1 Removal Challenge for Germany Earth's Future carbon dioxide removal (CDR) net‐zero ocean‐based climate mitigation natural carbon sink enhancement artificial upwelling seaweed farming |
| title | Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO2 yr−1 Removal Challenge for Germany |
| title_full | Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO2 yr−1 Removal Challenge for Germany |
| title_fullStr | Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO2 yr−1 Removal Challenge for Germany |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO2 yr−1 Removal Challenge for Germany |
| title_short | Exploring Site‐Specific Carbon Dioxide Removal Options With Storage or Sequestration in the Marine Environment – The 10 Mt CO2 yr−1 Removal Challenge for Germany |
| title_sort | exploring site specific carbon dioxide removal options with storage or sequestration in the marine environment the 10 mt co2 yr 1 removal challenge for germany |
| topic | carbon dioxide removal (CDR) net‐zero ocean‐based climate mitigation natural carbon sink enhancement artificial upwelling seaweed farming |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF004902 |
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