The Influence of Graphene Oxide on the Performance of Concrete: A Quantitative Analysis of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties

The incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into cementitious materials has gained significant attention due to its potential to enhance both the mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete. This study investigates the effect of GO on the compressive strength, flexural strength, indirect tens...

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Main Authors: Christhian Benavente, Anjhinson Romero, Jorge Napa, Alexis Sanabria, Yanett Landivar, Leo La Borda, Pablo Pezo, Abel Muñiz, Marco Muñiz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Buildings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1082
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author Christhian Benavente
Anjhinson Romero
Jorge Napa
Alexis Sanabria
Yanett Landivar
Leo La Borda
Pablo Pezo
Abel Muñiz
Marco Muñiz
author_facet Christhian Benavente
Anjhinson Romero
Jorge Napa
Alexis Sanabria
Yanett Landivar
Leo La Borda
Pablo Pezo
Abel Muñiz
Marco Muñiz
author_sort Christhian Benavente
collection DOAJ
description The incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into cementitious materials has gained significant attention due to its potential to enhance both the mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete. This study investigates the effect of GO on the compressive strength, flexural strength, indirect tensile strength, and elastic modulus of concrete with a design strength of 280 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to assess microstructural modifications induced by GO. The results indicate that an optimal GO dosage of 0.05% leads to notable improvements, with increases of 14.61% in compressive strength, 12.33% in indirect tensile strength, 6.09% in flexural strength, and 27.38% in elastic modulus. Microstructural analysis revealed a 16.28% reduction in pore and crack size, which directly contributes to improved structural integrity by enhancing matrix densification and reducing potential crack propagation. Furthermore, a 44.49% increase in the Ca/Si ratio was observed, suggesting improved cement hydration and bond formation. The increase in silicon-based compounds and a reduction in portlandite content indicate improved hydration kinetics. These findings provide valuable insights into the reinforcing mechanisms of GO in cementitious materials and lay the groundwork for future applications in high-performance concrete for sustainable construction.
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spelling doaj-art-c6af260cf0e04cf7bf3070a957bfa9eb2025-08-20T03:06:28ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-03-01157108210.3390/buildings15071082The Influence of Graphene Oxide on the Performance of Concrete: A Quantitative Analysis of Mechanical and Microstructural PropertiesChristhian Benavente0Anjhinson Romero1Jorge Napa2Alexis Sanabria3Yanett Landivar4Leo La Borda5Pablo Pezo6Abel Muñiz7Marco Muñiz8Professional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chincha 11702, PeruProfessional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chincha 11702, PeruProfessional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chincha 11702, PeruProfessional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chincha 11702, PeruProfessional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chincha 11702, PeruProfessional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chincha 11702, PeruProfessional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chincha 11702, PeruProfessional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chincha 11702, PeruProfessional School of Civil Engineering, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Chincha 11702, PeruThe incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into cementitious materials has gained significant attention due to its potential to enhance both the mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete. This study investigates the effect of GO on the compressive strength, flexural strength, indirect tensile strength, and elastic modulus of concrete with a design strength of 280 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to assess microstructural modifications induced by GO. The results indicate that an optimal GO dosage of 0.05% leads to notable improvements, with increases of 14.61% in compressive strength, 12.33% in indirect tensile strength, 6.09% in flexural strength, and 27.38% in elastic modulus. Microstructural analysis revealed a 16.28% reduction in pore and crack size, which directly contributes to improved structural integrity by enhancing matrix densification and reducing potential crack propagation. Furthermore, a 44.49% increase in the Ca/Si ratio was observed, suggesting improved cement hydration and bond formation. The increase in silicon-based compounds and a reduction in portlandite content indicate improved hydration kinetics. These findings provide valuable insights into the reinforcing mechanisms of GO in cementitious materials and lay the groundwork for future applications in high-performance concrete for sustainable construction.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1082graphene oxidemechanical propertiesmicrostructural analysiscementitious compositesnanomaterialsconcrete strength
spellingShingle Christhian Benavente
Anjhinson Romero
Jorge Napa
Alexis Sanabria
Yanett Landivar
Leo La Borda
Pablo Pezo
Abel Muñiz
Marco Muñiz
The Influence of Graphene Oxide on the Performance of Concrete: A Quantitative Analysis of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
Buildings
graphene oxide
mechanical properties
microstructural analysis
cementitious composites
nanomaterials
concrete strength
title The Influence of Graphene Oxide on the Performance of Concrete: A Quantitative Analysis of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
title_full The Influence of Graphene Oxide on the Performance of Concrete: A Quantitative Analysis of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
title_fullStr The Influence of Graphene Oxide on the Performance of Concrete: A Quantitative Analysis of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
title_full_unstemmed The Influence of Graphene Oxide on the Performance of Concrete: A Quantitative Analysis of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
title_short The Influence of Graphene Oxide on the Performance of Concrete: A Quantitative Analysis of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
title_sort influence of graphene oxide on the performance of concrete a quantitative analysis of mechanical and microstructural properties
topic graphene oxide
mechanical properties
microstructural analysis
cementitious composites
nanomaterials
concrete strength
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1082
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