Fiber-Optic Sensor Spectrum Noise Reduction Based on a Generative Adversarial Network

In the field of fiber-optic sensing, effectively reducing the noise of sensing spectra and achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has consistently been a focal point of research. This study proposes a deep-learning-based denoising method for fiber-optic sensors, which involves pre-processing t...

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Main Authors: Yujie Lu, Qingbin Du, Ruijia Zhang, Bo Wang, Zigeng Liu, Qizhe Tang, Pan Dai, Xiangxiang Fan, Chun Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/22/7127
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author Yujie Lu
Qingbin Du
Ruijia Zhang
Bo Wang
Zigeng Liu
Qizhe Tang
Pan Dai
Xiangxiang Fan
Chun Huang
author_facet Yujie Lu
Qingbin Du
Ruijia Zhang
Bo Wang
Zigeng Liu
Qizhe Tang
Pan Dai
Xiangxiang Fan
Chun Huang
author_sort Yujie Lu
collection DOAJ
description In the field of fiber-optic sensing, effectively reducing the noise of sensing spectra and achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has consistently been a focal point of research. This study proposes a deep-learning-based denoising method for fiber-optic sensors, which involves pre-processing the sensor spectrum into a 2D image and training with a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (Cycle-GAN) model. The pre-trained algorithm demonstrates the ability to effectively denoise various spectrum types and noise profiles. This study evaluates the denoising performance of simulated spectra obtained from four different types of fiber-optic sensors: fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI), regular fiber Bragg grating (FBG), chirped FBG, and FBG pair. Compared to traditional denoising algorithms such as wavelet transform (WT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the proposed method achieves an SNR improvement of up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>13.71</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">dB</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, an RMSE that is up to three times smaller, and a minimum correlation coefficient (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of no less than 99.70% with the original high-SNR signals. Additionally, the proposed algorithm was tested for multimode noise reduction, demonstrating an excellent linearity in temperature response with a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of 99.95% for its linear fitting and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>99.74</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the temperature response obtained from single-mode fiber sensors. The proposed denoising approach effectively reduces the impact of various noises from the sensing system, enhancing the practicality of fiber-optic sensing, especially for specialized fiber applications in research and industrial domains.
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spelling doaj-art-c6ac7a70aa4342c5a0e4310d4bb5e0542025-08-20T02:04:40ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-11-012422712710.3390/s24227127Fiber-Optic Sensor Spectrum Noise Reduction Based on a Generative Adversarial NetworkYujie Lu0Qingbin Du1Ruijia Zhang2Bo Wang3Zigeng Liu4Qizhe Tang5Pan Dai6Xiangxiang Fan7Chun Huang8School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAcoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaSchool of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaIn the field of fiber-optic sensing, effectively reducing the noise of sensing spectra and achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has consistently been a focal point of research. This study proposes a deep-learning-based denoising method for fiber-optic sensors, which involves pre-processing the sensor spectrum into a 2D image and training with a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (Cycle-GAN) model. The pre-trained algorithm demonstrates the ability to effectively denoise various spectrum types and noise profiles. This study evaluates the denoising performance of simulated spectra obtained from four different types of fiber-optic sensors: fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI), regular fiber Bragg grating (FBG), chirped FBG, and FBG pair. Compared to traditional denoising algorithms such as wavelet transform (WT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD), the proposed method achieves an SNR improvement of up to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>13.71</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">dB</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, an RMSE that is up to three times smaller, and a minimum correlation coefficient (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of no less than 99.70% with the original high-SNR signals. Additionally, the proposed algorithm was tested for multimode noise reduction, demonstrating an excellent linearity in temperature response with a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of 99.95% for its linear fitting and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>99.74</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> for the temperature response obtained from single-mode fiber sensors. The proposed denoising approach effectively reduces the impact of various noises from the sensing system, enhancing the practicality of fiber-optic sensing, especially for specialized fiber applications in research and industrial domains.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/22/7127fiber-optic sensinggenerative adversarial networknoise reductionsignal processing
spellingShingle Yujie Lu
Qingbin Du
Ruijia Zhang
Bo Wang
Zigeng Liu
Qizhe Tang
Pan Dai
Xiangxiang Fan
Chun Huang
Fiber-Optic Sensor Spectrum Noise Reduction Based on a Generative Adversarial Network
Sensors
fiber-optic sensing
generative adversarial network
noise reduction
signal processing
title Fiber-Optic Sensor Spectrum Noise Reduction Based on a Generative Adversarial Network
title_full Fiber-Optic Sensor Spectrum Noise Reduction Based on a Generative Adversarial Network
title_fullStr Fiber-Optic Sensor Spectrum Noise Reduction Based on a Generative Adversarial Network
title_full_unstemmed Fiber-Optic Sensor Spectrum Noise Reduction Based on a Generative Adversarial Network
title_short Fiber-Optic Sensor Spectrum Noise Reduction Based on a Generative Adversarial Network
title_sort fiber optic sensor spectrum noise reduction based on a generative adversarial network
topic fiber-optic sensing
generative adversarial network
noise reduction
signal processing
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/22/7127
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AT qingbindu fiberopticsensorspectrumnoisereductionbasedonagenerativeadversarialnetwork
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AT bowang fiberopticsensorspectrumnoisereductionbasedonagenerativeadversarialnetwork
AT zigengliu fiberopticsensorspectrumnoisereductionbasedonagenerativeadversarialnetwork
AT qizhetang fiberopticsensorspectrumnoisereductionbasedonagenerativeadversarialnetwork
AT pandai fiberopticsensorspectrumnoisereductionbasedonagenerativeadversarialnetwork
AT xiangxiangfan fiberopticsensorspectrumnoisereductionbasedonagenerativeadversarialnetwork
AT chunhuang fiberopticsensorspectrumnoisereductionbasedonagenerativeadversarialnetwork