Oral human papillomavirus infections in Zambian Rural and Urban residents-a community cross-sectional study

Abstract Background How common it is with the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the healthy and diseased oral cavity is largely unknown for Africans. In this cross-sectional study we assessed the prevalence of oral HPV and the risk factors associated with HPV contraction including sexual pra...

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Main Authors: Chrispinus Hakimu Mumena, Schifra Uwamungu, Göran Kjeller, Bengt Hasséus, Maria Andersson, Daniel Giglio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05312-4
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author Chrispinus Hakimu Mumena
Schifra Uwamungu
Göran Kjeller
Bengt Hasséus
Maria Andersson
Daniel Giglio
author_facet Chrispinus Hakimu Mumena
Schifra Uwamungu
Göran Kjeller
Bengt Hasséus
Maria Andersson
Daniel Giglio
author_sort Chrispinus Hakimu Mumena
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background How common it is with the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the healthy and diseased oral cavity is largely unknown for Africans. In this cross-sectional study we assessed the prevalence of oral HPV and the risk factors associated with HPV contraction including sexual practice in the urban and rural Zambian population. Methods Urban (N = 188) and rural (N = 211) Zambian adults aged 21 years and older living in Ndola and Mansa, respectively, were interviewed about demographical data, oral and coital sexual history and tobacco and alcohol use. Participants were orally examined and underwent a buccal swab test for 12 high-risk HPVs (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59) and two low-risk HPVs (HPV6 and 11) with real-time PCR. Results Alcohol consumption was higher in urban participants than rural participants, i.e., 34.1% and 16.6%, respectively, consumed alcohol once a week or more (p = 0.001). Ever-smokers constituted 38.8% of urban and 32.2% of rural participants (p = 0.363). Engaging in orogenital sex was uncommon, however, more common in urban than rural participants (13.3% and 4.3%, respectively, p = 0.003). Only three participants were positive for HPV (HPV16, 35, and 45, respectively). Conclusions Urban participants displayed higher sexual risk behaviour than rural participants. However, the prevalence of oral HPV infection in Zambia was low, which contrasts to the high incidence of cervical cancer reported for the country.
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spelling doaj-art-c6a694f5bd5e498ba745efa0cd9202312025-08-20T01:56:02ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312024-12-012411610.1186/s12903-024-05312-4Oral human papillomavirus infections in Zambian Rural and Urban residents-a community cross-sectional studyChrispinus Hakimu Mumena0Schifra Uwamungu1Göran Kjeller2Bengt Hasséus3Maria Andersson4Daniel Giglio5Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgDepartment of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgDepartment of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgAbstract Background How common it is with the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the healthy and diseased oral cavity is largely unknown for Africans. In this cross-sectional study we assessed the prevalence of oral HPV and the risk factors associated with HPV contraction including sexual practice in the urban and rural Zambian population. Methods Urban (N = 188) and rural (N = 211) Zambian adults aged 21 years and older living in Ndola and Mansa, respectively, were interviewed about demographical data, oral and coital sexual history and tobacco and alcohol use. Participants were orally examined and underwent a buccal swab test for 12 high-risk HPVs (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59) and two low-risk HPVs (HPV6 and 11) with real-time PCR. Results Alcohol consumption was higher in urban participants than rural participants, i.e., 34.1% and 16.6%, respectively, consumed alcohol once a week or more (p = 0.001). Ever-smokers constituted 38.8% of urban and 32.2% of rural participants (p = 0.363). Engaging in orogenital sex was uncommon, however, more common in urban than rural participants (13.3% and 4.3%, respectively, p = 0.003). Only three participants were positive for HPV (HPV16, 35, and 45, respectively). Conclusions Urban participants displayed higher sexual risk behaviour than rural participants. However, the prevalence of oral HPV infection in Zambia was low, which contrasts to the high incidence of cervical cancer reported for the country.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05312-4OralHPVAfricaOrogenitalSex
spellingShingle Chrispinus Hakimu Mumena
Schifra Uwamungu
Göran Kjeller
Bengt Hasséus
Maria Andersson
Daniel Giglio
Oral human papillomavirus infections in Zambian Rural and Urban residents-a community cross-sectional study
BMC Oral Health
Oral
HPV
Africa
Orogenital
Sex
title Oral human papillomavirus infections in Zambian Rural and Urban residents-a community cross-sectional study
title_full Oral human papillomavirus infections in Zambian Rural and Urban residents-a community cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Oral human papillomavirus infections in Zambian Rural and Urban residents-a community cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Oral human papillomavirus infections in Zambian Rural and Urban residents-a community cross-sectional study
title_short Oral human papillomavirus infections in Zambian Rural and Urban residents-a community cross-sectional study
title_sort oral human papillomavirus infections in zambian rural and urban residents a community cross sectional study
topic Oral
HPV
Africa
Orogenital
Sex
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05312-4
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