Enhancing Online Learning Through Multi-Agent Debates for CS University Students

As recent advancements in large language models enhance reasoning across various domains, educators are increasingly exploring their use in conversation-based tutoring systems. However, since LLMs are black-box models to users and lack human-like problem-solving strategies, users are hardly convince...

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Main Authors: Jing Du, Guangtao Xu, Wenhao Liu, Dibin Zhou, Fuchang Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5877
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author Jing Du
Guangtao Xu
Wenhao Liu
Dibin Zhou
Fuchang Liu
author_facet Jing Du
Guangtao Xu
Wenhao Liu
Dibin Zhou
Fuchang Liu
author_sort Jing Du
collection DOAJ
description As recent advancements in large language models enhance reasoning across various domains, educators are increasingly exploring their use in conversation-based tutoring systems. However, since LLMs are black-box models to users and lack human-like problem-solving strategies, users are hardly convinced by the answers provided by LLMs. This lack of trust can potentially undermine the effectiveness of learning in educational scenarios. To address these issues, we introduce a novel approach that integrates multi-agent debates into a lecture video Q&A system, aiming to assist computer science (CS) university students in self-learning by using LLMs to simulate debates between affirmative and negative debaters and a judge to reach a final answer and presenting the entire process to users for review. This approach is expected to lead to better learning outcomes and the improvement of students’ critical thinking. To validate the effectiveness of this approach, we carried out a user study through a prototype system and conducted preliminary experiments based on video lecture learning involving 90 CS students from three universities. The study compared different conditions and demonstrated that students who had access to a combination of video-based Q&A and multi-agent debates performed significantly better on quizzes compared to those who only had access to the video or video-based Q&A. These findings indicate that integrating multi-agent debates with lecture videos can substantially enhance the learning experience, which is also beneficial for the development of students’ high-order thinking abilities in the future.
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spelling doaj-art-c69cfe28b91e42b284ba08c717bf9d452025-08-20T02:33:09ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511587710.3390/app15115877Enhancing Online Learning Through Multi-Agent Debates for CS University StudentsJing Du0Guangtao Xu1Wenhao Liu2Dibin Zhou3Fuchang Liu4Department of Media and Communication, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of KoreaJing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaAs recent advancements in large language models enhance reasoning across various domains, educators are increasingly exploring their use in conversation-based tutoring systems. However, since LLMs are black-box models to users and lack human-like problem-solving strategies, users are hardly convinced by the answers provided by LLMs. This lack of trust can potentially undermine the effectiveness of learning in educational scenarios. To address these issues, we introduce a novel approach that integrates multi-agent debates into a lecture video Q&A system, aiming to assist computer science (CS) university students in self-learning by using LLMs to simulate debates between affirmative and negative debaters and a judge to reach a final answer and presenting the entire process to users for review. This approach is expected to lead to better learning outcomes and the improvement of students’ critical thinking. To validate the effectiveness of this approach, we carried out a user study through a prototype system and conducted preliminary experiments based on video lecture learning involving 90 CS students from three universities. The study compared different conditions and demonstrated that students who had access to a combination of video-based Q&A and multi-agent debates performed significantly better on quizzes compared to those who only had access to the video or video-based Q&A. These findings indicate that integrating multi-agent debates with lecture videos can substantially enhance the learning experience, which is also beneficial for the development of students’ high-order thinking abilities in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5877online learningmulti-agentlarge language models
spellingShingle Jing Du
Guangtao Xu
Wenhao Liu
Dibin Zhou
Fuchang Liu
Enhancing Online Learning Through Multi-Agent Debates for CS University Students
Applied Sciences
online learning
multi-agent
large language models
title Enhancing Online Learning Through Multi-Agent Debates for CS University Students
title_full Enhancing Online Learning Through Multi-Agent Debates for CS University Students
title_fullStr Enhancing Online Learning Through Multi-Agent Debates for CS University Students
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Online Learning Through Multi-Agent Debates for CS University Students
title_short Enhancing Online Learning Through Multi-Agent Debates for CS University Students
title_sort enhancing online learning through multi agent debates for cs university students
topic online learning
multi-agent
large language models
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5877
work_keys_str_mv AT jingdu enhancingonlinelearningthroughmultiagentdebatesforcsuniversitystudents
AT guangtaoxu enhancingonlinelearningthroughmultiagentdebatesforcsuniversitystudents
AT wenhaoliu enhancingonlinelearningthroughmultiagentdebatesforcsuniversitystudents
AT dibinzhou enhancingonlinelearningthroughmultiagentdebatesforcsuniversitystudents
AT fuchangliu enhancingonlinelearningthroughmultiagentdebatesforcsuniversitystudents