Effect of Calcination Temperature and Strontium Addition on the Properties of Sol-Gelled Bioactive Glass Powder

Strontium-added bioactive glass (SBG) has been widely used in bone tissue engineering. SBG can be prepared by conventional high-temperature melt-quenching or calcining sol-gelled powder at 700 °C or above. In the present study, the effects of calcination temperature (400–650 °C) and the amount of st...

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Main Authors: Pei-Jung Chang, Jia-Yu Chen, Chi-Han Cheng, Kazuhiro Aoki, Cherng-Yuh Su, Chung-Kwei Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Gels
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/6/401
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author Pei-Jung Chang
Jia-Yu Chen
Chi-Han Cheng
Kazuhiro Aoki
Cherng-Yuh Su
Chung-Kwei Lin
author_facet Pei-Jung Chang
Jia-Yu Chen
Chi-Han Cheng
Kazuhiro Aoki
Cherng-Yuh Su
Chung-Kwei Lin
author_sort Pei-Jung Chang
collection DOAJ
description Strontium-added bioactive glass (SBG) has been widely used in bone tissue engineering. SBG can be prepared by conventional high-temperature melt-quenching or calcining sol-gelled powder at 700 °C or above. In the present study, the effects of calcination temperature (400–650 °C) and the amount of strontium addition (0–7 mol.%) were investigated simultaneously. The sol-gel process and post-calcination were used to prepare the Sr-added 58S bioactive glass (SBG) powders. The bioactivity of the SBG powder was assessed by immersing it in simulated body fluid, while biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were evaluated using L929 and MG63 cells, and a zebrafish animal model. The calcination temperatures were determined by thermogravimetric analysis based on the weight loss at various stages. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the crystalline structure of calcined or SBF-immersed SBG powders. Meanwhile, the texture characteristics of SBG powders were examined by the BET method. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the absorption bands and powder morphology of SBG powders before and after SBF immersion. The experimental results showed that all SBG powders were mesoporous with a high specific surface area larger than 200 m<sup>2</sup>/g. SBG powder calcined at 650 °C with 5% Sr addition possessed a major Ca<sub>14.92</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2.35</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>5.65</sub> phase, the smallest pore size of 5.86 nm, and the largest specific surface area of 233 m<sup>2</sup>/g. It was noncytotoxic and exhibited good bioactivity and biocompatibility.
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spelling doaj-art-c69bf4441e1b41ffaf04e79d1b63eb202025-08-20T03:27:22ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-05-0111640110.3390/gels11060401Effect of Calcination Temperature and Strontium Addition on the Properties of Sol-Gelled Bioactive Glass PowderPei-Jung Chang0Jia-Yu Chen1Chi-Han Cheng2Kazuhiro Aoki3Cherng-Yuh Su4Chung-Kwei Lin5Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, TaiwanSchool of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, TaiwanSchool of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, TaiwanDepartment of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Graduate School, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanGraduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, TaiwanResearch Center of Digital Oral Science and Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, TaiwanStrontium-added bioactive glass (SBG) has been widely used in bone tissue engineering. SBG can be prepared by conventional high-temperature melt-quenching or calcining sol-gelled powder at 700 °C or above. In the present study, the effects of calcination temperature (400–650 °C) and the amount of strontium addition (0–7 mol.%) were investigated simultaneously. The sol-gel process and post-calcination were used to prepare the Sr-added 58S bioactive glass (SBG) powders. The bioactivity of the SBG powder was assessed by immersing it in simulated body fluid, while biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were evaluated using L929 and MG63 cells, and a zebrafish animal model. The calcination temperatures were determined by thermogravimetric analysis based on the weight loss at various stages. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the crystalline structure of calcined or SBF-immersed SBG powders. Meanwhile, the texture characteristics of SBG powders were examined by the BET method. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the absorption bands and powder morphology of SBG powders before and after SBF immersion. The experimental results showed that all SBG powders were mesoporous with a high specific surface area larger than 200 m<sup>2</sup>/g. SBG powder calcined at 650 °C with 5% Sr addition possessed a major Ca<sub>14.92</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2.35</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>5.65</sub> phase, the smallest pore size of 5.86 nm, and the largest specific surface area of 233 m<sup>2</sup>/g. It was noncytotoxic and exhibited good bioactivity and biocompatibility.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/6/401sol gelcalcinationstrontiumbioactive glasshydroxyapatitemineralization
spellingShingle Pei-Jung Chang
Jia-Yu Chen
Chi-Han Cheng
Kazuhiro Aoki
Cherng-Yuh Su
Chung-Kwei Lin
Effect of Calcination Temperature and Strontium Addition on the Properties of Sol-Gelled Bioactive Glass Powder
Gels
sol gel
calcination
strontium
bioactive glass
hydroxyapatite
mineralization
title Effect of Calcination Temperature and Strontium Addition on the Properties of Sol-Gelled Bioactive Glass Powder
title_full Effect of Calcination Temperature and Strontium Addition on the Properties of Sol-Gelled Bioactive Glass Powder
title_fullStr Effect of Calcination Temperature and Strontium Addition on the Properties of Sol-Gelled Bioactive Glass Powder
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Calcination Temperature and Strontium Addition on the Properties of Sol-Gelled Bioactive Glass Powder
title_short Effect of Calcination Temperature and Strontium Addition on the Properties of Sol-Gelled Bioactive Glass Powder
title_sort effect of calcination temperature and strontium addition on the properties of sol gelled bioactive glass powder
topic sol gel
calcination
strontium
bioactive glass
hydroxyapatite
mineralization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/6/401
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