A review on multi-therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Experimental evidence and future perspectives
Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) is a traditional medicinal plant of Southeast Asia, known for its pharmacologically active alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. The chemistry, isolation, pharmacological properties, and toxicities of these two compounds have been studied by a wide range of sci...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Kuwait Journal of Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410825000252 |
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| description | Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) is a traditional medicinal plant of Southeast Asia, known for its pharmacologically active alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. The chemistry, isolation, pharmacological properties, and toxicities of these two compounds have been studied by a wide range of scientific studies. However, thus far, there is no comprehensive review of mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and their related compounds. Therefore, this review analyzed 150 papers from PubMed®, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to provide information on the chemistry, method of synthesis and extraction, biological effects, and toxicities of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Additionally, the existing research gaps were identified and recommendations for future research were provided. It was observed that most studies focused on Mitragyna speciosa leaves, with little to no research conducted on other parts of the plant, particularly the flowers. Furthermore, there is still a lack of less costly and time-consuming protocols to obtain the two major alkaloids from different parts of the plant. Finally, most studies have focused on these two alkaloids to explore their pharmacological effects, although some studies have shown that other alkaloids exhibit better pharmacological activity. © 2025 The Authors |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c69b2f5b20e84c8d845a1b865927d362 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2307-4108 2307-4116 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Kuwait Journal of Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-c69b2f5b20e84c8d845a1b865927d3622025-08-20T03:16:11ZengElsevierKuwait Journal of Science2307-41082307-41162025-04-0152210038110.1016/j.kjs.2025.100381A review on multi-therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Experimental evidence and future perspectivesMitragyna speciosa (kratom) is a traditional medicinal plant of Southeast Asia, known for its pharmacologically active alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. The chemistry, isolation, pharmacological properties, and toxicities of these two compounds have been studied by a wide range of scientific studies. However, thus far, there is no comprehensive review of mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and their related compounds. Therefore, this review analyzed 150 papers from PubMed®, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to provide information on the chemistry, method of synthesis and extraction, biological effects, and toxicities of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Additionally, the existing research gaps were identified and recommendations for future research were provided. It was observed that most studies focused on Mitragyna speciosa leaves, with little to no research conducted on other parts of the plant, particularly the flowers. Furthermore, there is still a lack of less costly and time-consuming protocols to obtain the two major alkaloids from different parts of the plant. Finally, most studies have focused on these two alkaloids to explore their pharmacological effects, although some studies have shown that other alkaloids exhibit better pharmacological activity. © 2025 The Authorshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S23074108250002527-hydroxymitragyninekratommitragyna speciosamitragyninepharmacological propertiesstereoisomerstoxicities |
| spellingShingle | A review on multi-therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Experimental evidence and future perspectives Kuwait Journal of Science 7-hydroxymitragynine kratom mitragyna speciosa mitragynine pharmacological properties stereoisomers toxicities |
| title | A review on multi-therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Experimental evidence and future perspectives |
| title_full | A review on multi-therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Experimental evidence and future perspectives |
| title_fullStr | A review on multi-therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Experimental evidence and future perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | A review on multi-therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Experimental evidence and future perspectives |
| title_short | A review on multi-therapeutic potential of the Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Experimental evidence and future perspectives |
| title_sort | review on multi therapeutic potential of the mitragyna speciosa kratom alkaloids mitragynine and 7 hydroxymitragynine experimental evidence and future perspectives |
| topic | 7-hydroxymitragynine kratom mitragyna speciosa mitragynine pharmacological properties stereoisomers toxicities |
| url | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2307410825000252 |