A Deep Learning Segmentation Model for Detection of Active Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Abstract Introduction Existing deep learning (DL) algorithms lack the capability to accurately identify patients in immediate need of treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We aimed to develop a DL segmentation model to detect active PDR in six-field retinal images by the annotation...
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Adis, Springer Healthcare
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Ophthalmology and Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01127-w |
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| author | Sebastian Dinesen Marianne G. Schou Christoffer V. Hedegaard Yousif Subhi Thiusius R. Savarimuthu Tunde Peto Jakob K. H. Andersen Jakob Grauslund |
| author_facet | Sebastian Dinesen Marianne G. Schou Christoffer V. Hedegaard Yousif Subhi Thiusius R. Savarimuthu Tunde Peto Jakob K. H. Andersen Jakob Grauslund |
| author_sort | Sebastian Dinesen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction Existing deep learning (DL) algorithms lack the capability to accurately identify patients in immediate need of treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We aimed to develop a DL segmentation model to detect active PDR in six-field retinal images by the annotation of new retinal vessels and preretinal hemorrhages. Methods We identified six-field retinal images classified at level 4 of the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale collected at the Island of Funen from 2009 to 2019 as part of the Danish screening program for diabetic retinopathy (DR). A certified grader (grader 1) manually dichotomized the images into active or inactive PDR, and the images were then reassessed by two independent certified graders. In cases of disagreement, the final classification decision was made in collaboration between grader 1 and one of the secondary graders. Overall, 637 images were classified as active PDR. We then applied our pre-established DL segmentation model to annotate nine lesion types before training the algorithm. The segmentations of new vessels and preretinal hemorrhages were corrected for any inaccuracies before training the DL algorithm. After the classification and pre-segmentation phases the images were divided into training (70%), validation (10%), and testing (20%) datasets. We added 301 images with inactive PDR to the testing dataset. Results We included 637 images of active PDR and 301 images of inactive PDR from 199 individuals. The training dataset had 1381 new vessel and preretinal hemorrhage lesions, while the validation dataset had 123 lesions and the testing dataset 374 lesions. The DL system demonstrated a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 70% for annotation-assisted classification of active PDR. The negative predictive value was 94%, while the positive predictive value was 57%. Conclusions Our DL segmentation model achieved excellent sensitivity and acceptable specificity in distinguishing active from inactive PDR. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2193-8245 2193-6528 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Adis, Springer Healthcare |
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| series | Ophthalmology and Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-c6947a5e55724110b3b0e200d2192fc42025-08-20T03:18:30ZengAdis, Springer HealthcareOphthalmology and Therapy2193-82452193-65282025-03-011451053106310.1007/s40123-025-01127-wA Deep Learning Segmentation Model for Detection of Active Proliferative Diabetic RetinopathySebastian Dinesen0Marianne G. Schou1Christoffer V. Hedegaard2Yousif Subhi3Thiusius R. Savarimuthu4Tunde Peto5Jakob K. H. Andersen6Jakob Grauslund7Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, Odense University HospitalDepartment of Ophthalmology, Odense University HospitalDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern DenmarkThe Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern DenmarkCentre for Public Health, Queen’s University BelfastThe Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern DenmarkDepartment of Ophthalmology, Odense University HospitalAbstract Introduction Existing deep learning (DL) algorithms lack the capability to accurately identify patients in immediate need of treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We aimed to develop a DL segmentation model to detect active PDR in six-field retinal images by the annotation of new retinal vessels and preretinal hemorrhages. Methods We identified six-field retinal images classified at level 4 of the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale collected at the Island of Funen from 2009 to 2019 as part of the Danish screening program for diabetic retinopathy (DR). A certified grader (grader 1) manually dichotomized the images into active or inactive PDR, and the images were then reassessed by two independent certified graders. In cases of disagreement, the final classification decision was made in collaboration between grader 1 and one of the secondary graders. Overall, 637 images were classified as active PDR. We then applied our pre-established DL segmentation model to annotate nine lesion types before training the algorithm. The segmentations of new vessels and preretinal hemorrhages were corrected for any inaccuracies before training the DL algorithm. After the classification and pre-segmentation phases the images were divided into training (70%), validation (10%), and testing (20%) datasets. We added 301 images with inactive PDR to the testing dataset. Results We included 637 images of active PDR and 301 images of inactive PDR from 199 individuals. The training dataset had 1381 new vessel and preretinal hemorrhage lesions, while the validation dataset had 123 lesions and the testing dataset 374 lesions. The DL system demonstrated a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 70% for annotation-assisted classification of active PDR. The negative predictive value was 94%, while the positive predictive value was 57%. Conclusions Our DL segmentation model achieved excellent sensitivity and acceptable specificity in distinguishing active from inactive PDR.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01127-wDeep learningProliferative diabetic retinopathyBlack box eliminationNew vesselsPreretinal hemorrhages |
| spellingShingle | Sebastian Dinesen Marianne G. Schou Christoffer V. Hedegaard Yousif Subhi Thiusius R. Savarimuthu Tunde Peto Jakob K. H. Andersen Jakob Grauslund A Deep Learning Segmentation Model for Detection of Active Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Ophthalmology and Therapy Deep learning Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Black box elimination New vessels Preretinal hemorrhages |
| title | A Deep Learning Segmentation Model for Detection of Active Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy |
| title_full | A Deep Learning Segmentation Model for Detection of Active Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy |
| title_fullStr | A Deep Learning Segmentation Model for Detection of Active Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Deep Learning Segmentation Model for Detection of Active Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy |
| title_short | A Deep Learning Segmentation Model for Detection of Active Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy |
| title_sort | deep learning segmentation model for detection of active proliferative diabetic retinopathy |
| topic | Deep learning Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Black box elimination New vessels Preretinal hemorrhages |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01127-w |
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