Economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Tanzania: results from a community-based survey
Objectives To identify, measure and value the economic burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders in the Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.Design Community-based cross-sectional survey (undertaken between January and September 2021).Setting Hai district, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.Participants Households resid...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/1/e087425.full |
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| author | Stefan Siebert Emma McIntosh Manuela Deidda Richard Walker Ping-Hsuan Hsieh Blandina Mmbaga Clive Kelly Kajiru Kilonzo Eleanor Grieve Elizabeth F Msoka Kiula Kiula Nateiya Yongolo Sanjura Mandela Biswaro Stefanie Krauth Jo Halliday |
| author_facet | Stefan Siebert Emma McIntosh Manuela Deidda Richard Walker Ping-Hsuan Hsieh Blandina Mmbaga Clive Kelly Kajiru Kilonzo Eleanor Grieve Elizabeth F Msoka Kiula Kiula Nateiya Yongolo Sanjura Mandela Biswaro Stefanie Krauth Jo Halliday |
| author_sort | Stefan Siebert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives To identify, measure and value the economic burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders in the Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.Design Community-based cross-sectional survey (undertaken between January and September 2021).Setting Hai district, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.Participants Households resident in the Hai district.Methods A two-stage cluster sampling was used to select a representative sample of all Hai district residents. Clinical screening tools were used to identify and measure MSK disorders through a tiered approach. An economic questionnaire measuring healthcare costs, out-of-pocket costs, absenteeism, presenteeism and work productivity loss was administered to those with likely MSK disorders and selected controls (individuals without MSK disorders, matched by age and gender). Resource use was valued using country-specific costs. Two-part model regressions were fitted. A descriptive analysis of catastrophic expenditure was also conducted.Main outcome measure Healthcare costs, productivity costs and total costs.Results Annual average productivity and healthcare costs were, respectively, 3.5 and 3 times higher for those with likely MSK disorders than controls. Productivity costs of individuals with MSK disorders were Int$487 vs Int$132 in the control group (difference: Int$355, 95% CI Int$222 to Int$488). Healthcare costs in those with MSK were Int$269 vs Int$88 in the control group (difference: Int$181, 95% CI Int$34 to Int$327). The difference in terms of out-of-pocket expenses was economically substantial in magnitude, although not statistically significant.Conclusion The evidence will be used to inform policies addressing MSK disorders, by promoting the design of interventions, service provision, health promotion and awareness activities at local, regional and national level. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c681ab92e23746f4b177916c337c4e79 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-c681ab92e23746f4b177916c337c4e792025-01-18T00:20:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-01-0115110.1136/bmjopen-2024-087425Economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Tanzania: results from a community-based surveyStefan Siebert0Emma McIntosh1Manuela Deidda2Richard Walker3Ping-Hsuan Hsieh4Blandina Mmbaga5Clive Kelly6Kajiru Kilonzo7Eleanor Grieve8Elizabeth F Msoka9Kiula Kiula10Nateiya Yongolo11Sanjura Mandela Biswaro12Stefanie Krauth13Jo Halliday146 School of Infection & Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK1 Health Economics and Health Technology assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK1 Health Economics and Health Technology assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK9 Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK4 School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan5 Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania9 Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK8 Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania1 Health Economics and Health Technology assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK5 Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania5 Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania5 Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania5 Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania2 General Practice and Primary Care, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK7 School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UKObjectives To identify, measure and value the economic burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders in the Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.Design Community-based cross-sectional survey (undertaken between January and September 2021).Setting Hai district, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.Participants Households resident in the Hai district.Methods A two-stage cluster sampling was used to select a representative sample of all Hai district residents. Clinical screening tools were used to identify and measure MSK disorders through a tiered approach. An economic questionnaire measuring healthcare costs, out-of-pocket costs, absenteeism, presenteeism and work productivity loss was administered to those with likely MSK disorders and selected controls (individuals without MSK disorders, matched by age and gender). Resource use was valued using country-specific costs. Two-part model regressions were fitted. A descriptive analysis of catastrophic expenditure was also conducted.Main outcome measure Healthcare costs, productivity costs and total costs.Results Annual average productivity and healthcare costs were, respectively, 3.5 and 3 times higher for those with likely MSK disorders than controls. Productivity costs of individuals with MSK disorders were Int$487 vs Int$132 in the control group (difference: Int$355, 95% CI Int$222 to Int$488). Healthcare costs in those with MSK were Int$269 vs Int$88 in the control group (difference: Int$181, 95% CI Int$34 to Int$327). The difference in terms of out-of-pocket expenses was economically substantial in magnitude, although not statistically significant.Conclusion The evidence will be used to inform policies addressing MSK disorders, by promoting the design of interventions, service provision, health promotion and awareness activities at local, regional and national level.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/1/e087425.full |
| spellingShingle | Stefan Siebert Emma McIntosh Manuela Deidda Richard Walker Ping-Hsuan Hsieh Blandina Mmbaga Clive Kelly Kajiru Kilonzo Eleanor Grieve Elizabeth F Msoka Kiula Kiula Nateiya Yongolo Sanjura Mandela Biswaro Stefanie Krauth Jo Halliday Economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Tanzania: results from a community-based survey BMJ Open |
| title | Economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Tanzania: results from a community-based survey |
| title_full | Economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Tanzania: results from a community-based survey |
| title_fullStr | Economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Tanzania: results from a community-based survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Tanzania: results from a community-based survey |
| title_short | Economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Tanzania: results from a community-based survey |
| title_sort | economic burden of musculoskeletal disorders in tanzania results from a community based survey |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/1/e087425.full |
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