The unprecedented M d = 4.4, 2024, Campi Flegrei earthquake highlights the fluids contribution to the ongoing unrest
Abstract The Campi Flegrei caldera has been experiencing volcanic unrest since 2005, rising concern in the population and in local and national authorities. On May 20, 2024, the largest local earthquake ever instrumentally recorded up to that time produced substantial damage, forcing the evacuation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Communications Earth & Environment |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02361-7 |
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| author | Nicola Alessandro Pino Stefania Danesi Giacomo Rapagnani Valerio De Rubeis Simone Cesca |
| author_facet | Nicola Alessandro Pino Stefania Danesi Giacomo Rapagnani Valerio De Rubeis Simone Cesca |
| author_sort | Nicola Alessandro Pino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Campi Flegrei caldera has been experiencing volcanic unrest since 2005, rising concern in the population and in local and national authorities. On May 20, 2024, the largest local earthquake ever instrumentally recorded up to that time produced substantial damage, forcing the evacuation of tens of buildings west of the epicenter. At Campi Flegrei, M > 4 earthquakes are rare and their analysis is crucial to understand the unrest dynamics and the relation between rupture and ground shaking pattern, which is essential to mitigate the damage of future earthquakes. We analyse seismic waveforms at local to regional distances to reconstruct the source geometry and kinematics. We estimate millimetric to submillimetric coseismic surface subsidence – below the sensitivity of any standard geodetic technique – which, compared to the general uplift, highlights the crucial role of deep pressurized fluids in earthquakes’ generation. Our results also indicate that rupture directivity and local amplification determined the damage distribution. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c65ff6b8c54c4b269a3cb12045475c21 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2662-4435 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Communications Earth & Environment |
| spelling | doaj-art-c65ff6b8c54c4b269a3cb12045475c212025-08-20T01:51:41ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-05-016111010.1038/s43247-025-02361-7The unprecedented M d = 4.4, 2024, Campi Flegrei earthquake highlights the fluids contribution to the ongoing unrestNicola Alessandro Pino0Stefania Danesi1Giacomo Rapagnani2Valerio De Rubeis3Simone Cesca4Università di Camerino, Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Sezione di GeologiaIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di BolognaUniversità di PisaIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e VulcanologiaGFZ, Helmholtz Centre for GeosciencesAbstract The Campi Flegrei caldera has been experiencing volcanic unrest since 2005, rising concern in the population and in local and national authorities. On May 20, 2024, the largest local earthquake ever instrumentally recorded up to that time produced substantial damage, forcing the evacuation of tens of buildings west of the epicenter. At Campi Flegrei, M > 4 earthquakes are rare and their analysis is crucial to understand the unrest dynamics and the relation between rupture and ground shaking pattern, which is essential to mitigate the damage of future earthquakes. We analyse seismic waveforms at local to regional distances to reconstruct the source geometry and kinematics. We estimate millimetric to submillimetric coseismic surface subsidence – below the sensitivity of any standard geodetic technique – which, compared to the general uplift, highlights the crucial role of deep pressurized fluids in earthquakes’ generation. Our results also indicate that rupture directivity and local amplification determined the damage distribution.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02361-7 |
| spellingShingle | Nicola Alessandro Pino Stefania Danesi Giacomo Rapagnani Valerio De Rubeis Simone Cesca The unprecedented M d = 4.4, 2024, Campi Flegrei earthquake highlights the fluids contribution to the ongoing unrest Communications Earth & Environment |
| title | The unprecedented M d = 4.4, 2024, Campi Flegrei earthquake highlights the fluids contribution to the ongoing unrest |
| title_full | The unprecedented M d = 4.4, 2024, Campi Flegrei earthquake highlights the fluids contribution to the ongoing unrest |
| title_fullStr | The unprecedented M d = 4.4, 2024, Campi Flegrei earthquake highlights the fluids contribution to the ongoing unrest |
| title_full_unstemmed | The unprecedented M d = 4.4, 2024, Campi Flegrei earthquake highlights the fluids contribution to the ongoing unrest |
| title_short | The unprecedented M d = 4.4, 2024, Campi Flegrei earthquake highlights the fluids contribution to the ongoing unrest |
| title_sort | unprecedented m d 4 4 2024 campi flegrei earthquake highlights the fluids contribution to the ongoing unrest |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02361-7 |
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