The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data

Background and Purpose. Anticoagulant therapy is broadly used to prevent thromboembolic events. Intracranial hemorrhages are serious complications of anticoagulation, especially with warfarin. Direct oral anticoagulants reduce but do not eliminate the risk of intracranial hemorrhages. The aim of thi...

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Main Authors: Kyle M. Ware, Douglas L. Feinstein, Israel Rubinstein, Prudhvi Battula, Jose Otero, Lee Hebert, Tzu-Fei Wang, Alexandra Ivanova, Shweta Chaudhary, Jessica Hemminger, Sergey V. Brodsky
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2017-01-01
Series:Stroke Research and Treatment
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6516401
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author Kyle M. Ware
Douglas L. Feinstein
Israel Rubinstein
Prudhvi Battula
Jose Otero
Lee Hebert
Tzu-Fei Wang
Alexandra Ivanova
Shweta Chaudhary
Jessica Hemminger
Sergey V. Brodsky
author_facet Kyle M. Ware
Douglas L. Feinstein
Israel Rubinstein
Prudhvi Battula
Jose Otero
Lee Hebert
Tzu-Fei Wang
Alexandra Ivanova
Shweta Chaudhary
Jessica Hemminger
Sergey V. Brodsky
author_sort Kyle M. Ware
collection DOAJ
description Background and Purpose. Anticoagulant therapy is broadly used to prevent thromboembolic events. Intracranial hemorrhages are serious complications of anticoagulation, especially with warfarin. Direct oral anticoagulants reduce but do not eliminate the risk of intracranial hemorrhages. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of intracranial hemorrhage after application of anticoagulants without additional triggers. Methods. Rats were treated with different anticoagulant classes (vitamin K antagonists, heparin, direct thrombin inhibitor, and factor Xa inhibitor). Brain hemorrhages were assessed by the free hemoglobin concentration in the brain parenchyma. Results. Vitamin K antagonists (warfarin and brodifacoum) significantly increased free hemoglobin in the brain. Among direct oral anticoagulants, thrombin inhibitor dabigatran also significantly increased free hemoglobin in the brain, whereas treatment with factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban did not have significant effect on the free hemoglobin concentration. Conclusions. Our data indicates that the severity of brain hemorrhages depends on the anticoagulant class and it is more pronounced with vitamin K antagonists.
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issn 2090-8105
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publisher Wiley
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series Stroke Research and Treatment
spelling doaj-art-c65748e659c343f2b890339fed60bf6b2025-08-20T03:23:22ZengWileyStroke Research and Treatment2090-81052042-00562017-01-01201710.1155/2017/65164016516401The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental DataKyle M. Ware0Douglas L. Feinstein1Israel Rubinstein2Prudhvi Battula3Jose Otero4Lee Hebert5Tzu-Fei Wang6Alexandra Ivanova7Shweta Chaudhary8Jessica Hemminger9Sergey V. Brodsky10Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USAJesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USADepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USAOhioHealth Rehabilitation Hospital, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USABackground and Purpose. Anticoagulant therapy is broadly used to prevent thromboembolic events. Intracranial hemorrhages are serious complications of anticoagulation, especially with warfarin. Direct oral anticoagulants reduce but do not eliminate the risk of intracranial hemorrhages. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of intracranial hemorrhage after application of anticoagulants without additional triggers. Methods. Rats were treated with different anticoagulant classes (vitamin K antagonists, heparin, direct thrombin inhibitor, and factor Xa inhibitor). Brain hemorrhages were assessed by the free hemoglobin concentration in the brain parenchyma. Results. Vitamin K antagonists (warfarin and brodifacoum) significantly increased free hemoglobin in the brain. Among direct oral anticoagulants, thrombin inhibitor dabigatran also significantly increased free hemoglobin in the brain, whereas treatment with factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban did not have significant effect on the free hemoglobin concentration. Conclusions. Our data indicates that the severity of brain hemorrhages depends on the anticoagulant class and it is more pronounced with vitamin K antagonists.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6516401
spellingShingle Kyle M. Ware
Douglas L. Feinstein
Israel Rubinstein
Prudhvi Battula
Jose Otero
Lee Hebert
Tzu-Fei Wang
Alexandra Ivanova
Shweta Chaudhary
Jessica Hemminger
Sergey V. Brodsky
The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data
Stroke Research and Treatment
title The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data
title_full The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data
title_fullStr The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data
title_full_unstemmed The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data
title_short The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data
title_sort severity of intracranial hemorrhages measured by free hemoglobin in the brain depends on the anticoagulant class experimental data
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6516401
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