The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data
Background and Purpose. Anticoagulant therapy is broadly used to prevent thromboembolic events. Intracranial hemorrhages are serious complications of anticoagulation, especially with warfarin. Direct oral anticoagulants reduce but do not eliminate the risk of intracranial hemorrhages. The aim of thi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Stroke Research and Treatment |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6516401 |
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| author | Kyle M. Ware Douglas L. Feinstein Israel Rubinstein Prudhvi Battula Jose Otero Lee Hebert Tzu-Fei Wang Alexandra Ivanova Shweta Chaudhary Jessica Hemminger Sergey V. Brodsky |
| author_facet | Kyle M. Ware Douglas L. Feinstein Israel Rubinstein Prudhvi Battula Jose Otero Lee Hebert Tzu-Fei Wang Alexandra Ivanova Shweta Chaudhary Jessica Hemminger Sergey V. Brodsky |
| author_sort | Kyle M. Ware |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Purpose. Anticoagulant therapy is broadly used to prevent thromboembolic events. Intracranial hemorrhages are serious complications of anticoagulation, especially with warfarin. Direct oral anticoagulants reduce but do not eliminate the risk of intracranial hemorrhages. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of intracranial hemorrhage after application of anticoagulants without additional triggers. Methods. Rats were treated with different anticoagulant classes (vitamin K antagonists, heparin, direct thrombin inhibitor, and factor Xa inhibitor). Brain hemorrhages were assessed by the free hemoglobin concentration in the brain parenchyma. Results. Vitamin K antagonists (warfarin and brodifacoum) significantly increased free hemoglobin in the brain. Among direct oral anticoagulants, thrombin inhibitor dabigatran also significantly increased free hemoglobin in the brain, whereas treatment with factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban did not have significant effect on the free hemoglobin concentration. Conclusions. Our data indicates that the severity of brain hemorrhages depends on the anticoagulant class and it is more pronounced with vitamin K antagonists. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c65748e659c343f2b890339fed60bf6b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2090-8105 2042-0056 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stroke Research and Treatment |
| spelling | doaj-art-c65748e659c343f2b890339fed60bf6b2025-08-20T03:23:22ZengWileyStroke Research and Treatment2090-81052042-00562017-01-01201710.1155/2017/65164016516401The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental DataKyle M. Ware0Douglas L. Feinstein1Israel Rubinstein2Prudhvi Battula3Jose Otero4Lee Hebert5Tzu-Fei Wang6Alexandra Ivanova7Shweta Chaudhary8Jessica Hemminger9Sergey V. Brodsky10Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USAJesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USADepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USAOhioHealth Rehabilitation Hospital, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USABackground and Purpose. Anticoagulant therapy is broadly used to prevent thromboembolic events. Intracranial hemorrhages are serious complications of anticoagulation, especially with warfarin. Direct oral anticoagulants reduce but do not eliminate the risk of intracranial hemorrhages. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of intracranial hemorrhage after application of anticoagulants without additional triggers. Methods. Rats were treated with different anticoagulant classes (vitamin K antagonists, heparin, direct thrombin inhibitor, and factor Xa inhibitor). Brain hemorrhages were assessed by the free hemoglobin concentration in the brain parenchyma. Results. Vitamin K antagonists (warfarin and brodifacoum) significantly increased free hemoglobin in the brain. Among direct oral anticoagulants, thrombin inhibitor dabigatran also significantly increased free hemoglobin in the brain, whereas treatment with factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban did not have significant effect on the free hemoglobin concentration. Conclusions. Our data indicates that the severity of brain hemorrhages depends on the anticoagulant class and it is more pronounced with vitamin K antagonists.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6516401 |
| spellingShingle | Kyle M. Ware Douglas L. Feinstein Israel Rubinstein Prudhvi Battula Jose Otero Lee Hebert Tzu-Fei Wang Alexandra Ivanova Shweta Chaudhary Jessica Hemminger Sergey V. Brodsky The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data Stroke Research and Treatment |
| title | The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data |
| title_full | The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data |
| title_fullStr | The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data |
| title_short | The Severity of Intracranial Hemorrhages Measured by Free Hemoglobin in the Brain Depends on the Anticoagulant Class: Experimental Data |
| title_sort | severity of intracranial hemorrhages measured by free hemoglobin in the brain depends on the anticoagulant class experimental data |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6516401 |
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