Soil Salinization and Ancient Hulled Wheat: A Study on Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms

Soil salinization, which is second only to soil erosion in terms of soil degradation, significantly hinders crop growth and development, leading to reduced yields. This study investigated the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms of four ancient hulled wheat species under salt s...

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Main Author: Ridvan Temizgul
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/678
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author Ridvan Temizgul
author_facet Ridvan Temizgul
author_sort Ridvan Temizgul
collection DOAJ
description Soil salinization, which is second only to soil erosion in terms of soil degradation, significantly hinders crop growth and development, leading to reduced yields. This study investigated the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms of four ancient hulled wheat species under salt stress, with and without exogenous glycine betaine (0.5 mM). We aimed to assess the salt tolerance of these species and their potential for cultivation in saline/sodic soils. Our findings indicate that sodium and potassium chloride concentrations exceeding 100 mM induce significant stress in hulled wheat. However, combined salt stress (sodium and potassium chloride) reduced this stress by approximately 20–30%. Furthermore, exogenous glycine betaine supplementation almost completely alleviated the negative effects of salt stress, particularly in <i>Triticum boeoticum</i>. This species exhibited a remarkable ability to restore normal growth functions under these conditions. Our results suggest that ancient hulled wheat, especially <i>T. boeoticum</i>, may be a promising candidate for cultivation in sodium-saline soils. By supplementing with potassium fertilizers in addition to nitrogen, plants can effectively control salt influx into their cells and maintain intracellular K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> balance, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of salinity stress. This approach has the potential to increase crop yields and enhance food security in saline environments.
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spelling doaj-art-c65714669c174140a0fa164d5681e5a62025-08-20T02:52:48ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-02-0114567810.3390/plants14050678Soil Salinization and Ancient Hulled Wheat: A Study on Antioxidant Defense MechanismsRidvan Temizgul0Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, TürkiyeSoil salinization, which is second only to soil erosion in terms of soil degradation, significantly hinders crop growth and development, leading to reduced yields. This study investigated the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms of four ancient hulled wheat species under salt stress, with and without exogenous glycine betaine (0.5 mM). We aimed to assess the salt tolerance of these species and their potential for cultivation in saline/sodic soils. Our findings indicate that sodium and potassium chloride concentrations exceeding 100 mM induce significant stress in hulled wheat. However, combined salt stress (sodium and potassium chloride) reduced this stress by approximately 20–30%. Furthermore, exogenous glycine betaine supplementation almost completely alleviated the negative effects of salt stress, particularly in <i>Triticum boeoticum</i>. This species exhibited a remarkable ability to restore normal growth functions under these conditions. Our results suggest that ancient hulled wheat, especially <i>T. boeoticum</i>, may be a promising candidate for cultivation in sodium-saline soils. By supplementing with potassium fertilizers in addition to nitrogen, plants can effectively control salt influx into their cells and maintain intracellular K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> balance, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of salinity stress. This approach has the potential to increase crop yields and enhance food security in saline environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/678antioxidantglycine betainehulled wheatROSsalt stress
spellingShingle Ridvan Temizgul
Soil Salinization and Ancient Hulled Wheat: A Study on Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms
Plants
antioxidant
glycine betaine
hulled wheat
ROS
salt stress
title Soil Salinization and Ancient Hulled Wheat: A Study on Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms
title_full Soil Salinization and Ancient Hulled Wheat: A Study on Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms
title_fullStr Soil Salinization and Ancient Hulled Wheat: A Study on Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Soil Salinization and Ancient Hulled Wheat: A Study on Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms
title_short Soil Salinization and Ancient Hulled Wheat: A Study on Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms
title_sort soil salinization and ancient hulled wheat a study on antioxidant defense mechanisms
topic antioxidant
glycine betaine
hulled wheat
ROS
salt stress
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/678
work_keys_str_mv AT ridvantemizgul soilsalinizationandancienthulledwheatastudyonantioxidantdefensemechanisms