A Comparative Study on Absorption of Gaseous Formaldehyde by Electrospun Biomass Carbon Nanofiber Membranes Modified by Plasma Activation and Chemical Treatment

To comparatively study the effects of cold plasma activation and chemical treatment on the adsorption capacities of biomass carbon nanofiber membranes (BCNMs), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and chitosan (CS) were used to fabricate porous BCNMs by electrospinning and carbonization. Two modificatio...

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Main Authors: Qian He, Jinhui Xiong, Huanbo Wang, Linkun Xie, Xijuan Chai, Lianpeng Zhang, Siqun Wang, Guanben Du, Kaimeng Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2184
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author Qian He
Jinhui Xiong
Huanbo Wang
Linkun Xie
Xijuan Chai
Lianpeng Zhang
Siqun Wang
Guanben Du
Kaimeng Xu
author_facet Qian He
Jinhui Xiong
Huanbo Wang
Linkun Xie
Xijuan Chai
Lianpeng Zhang
Siqun Wang
Guanben Du
Kaimeng Xu
author_sort Qian He
collection DOAJ
description To comparatively study the effects of cold plasma activation and chemical treatment on the adsorption capacities of biomass carbon nanofiber membranes (BCNMs), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and chitosan (CS) were used to fabricate porous BCNMs by electrospinning and carbonization. Two modification methods, including oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) plasma activation and chemical treatment using nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>), sulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and urea, were further employed to enhance their adsorption performance. Various carbonyl group (C=O), ether bond (C-O), carboxyl group (O-C=O) and pyridinic nitrogen (N), pyrrolic N, and quaternary N functional groups were successfully introduced onto the surface of the BCNMs by the two methods. The BCNM-O<sub>2</sub> showed optimal formaldehyde absorption capacity (120.67 mg g<sup>−1</sup>), corresponding to its highest contents of N, O-containing functional groups, and intact network structure. However, chemical treatment in strong acid or oxidative solutions destructed the microporous structures and changed the size uniformity of fibers in the BCNMs, resulting in a decline in formaldehyde adsorption capacity. A synergistically physical–chemical adsorption took place during formaldehyde adsorption by the modified biomass nanofiber membranes, due to the coexistence of suitable functional groups and porous structures in the membranes.
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series Molecules
spelling doaj-art-c63b11a071b34c4fa996147f5865eb012025-08-20T03:47:58ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-05-013010218410.3390/molecules30102184A Comparative Study on Absorption of Gaseous Formaldehyde by Electrospun Biomass Carbon Nanofiber Membranes Modified by Plasma Activation and Chemical TreatmentQian He0Jinhui Xiong1Huanbo Wang2Linkun Xie3Xijuan Chai4Lianpeng Zhang5Siqun Wang6Guanben Du7Kaimeng Xu8Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaCenter for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaTo comparatively study the effects of cold plasma activation and chemical treatment on the adsorption capacities of biomass carbon nanofiber membranes (BCNMs), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and chitosan (CS) were used to fabricate porous BCNMs by electrospinning and carbonization. Two modification methods, including oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) plasma activation and chemical treatment using nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>), sulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and urea, were further employed to enhance their adsorption performance. Various carbonyl group (C=O), ether bond (C-O), carboxyl group (O-C=O) and pyridinic nitrogen (N), pyrrolic N, and quaternary N functional groups were successfully introduced onto the surface of the BCNMs by the two methods. The BCNM-O<sub>2</sub> showed optimal formaldehyde absorption capacity (120.67 mg g<sup>−1</sup>), corresponding to its highest contents of N, O-containing functional groups, and intact network structure. However, chemical treatment in strong acid or oxidative solutions destructed the microporous structures and changed the size uniformity of fibers in the BCNMs, resulting in a decline in formaldehyde adsorption capacity. A synergistically physical–chemical adsorption took place during formaldehyde adsorption by the modified biomass nanofiber membranes, due to the coexistence of suitable functional groups and porous structures in the membranes.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2184gaseous formaldehydeadsorptionelectrospinningcarbonizationchemical treatmentcold plasma activation
spellingShingle Qian He
Jinhui Xiong
Huanbo Wang
Linkun Xie
Xijuan Chai
Lianpeng Zhang
Siqun Wang
Guanben Du
Kaimeng Xu
A Comparative Study on Absorption of Gaseous Formaldehyde by Electrospun Biomass Carbon Nanofiber Membranes Modified by Plasma Activation and Chemical Treatment
Molecules
gaseous formaldehyde
adsorption
electrospinning
carbonization
chemical treatment
cold plasma activation
title A Comparative Study on Absorption of Gaseous Formaldehyde by Electrospun Biomass Carbon Nanofiber Membranes Modified by Plasma Activation and Chemical Treatment
title_full A Comparative Study on Absorption of Gaseous Formaldehyde by Electrospun Biomass Carbon Nanofiber Membranes Modified by Plasma Activation and Chemical Treatment
title_fullStr A Comparative Study on Absorption of Gaseous Formaldehyde by Electrospun Biomass Carbon Nanofiber Membranes Modified by Plasma Activation and Chemical Treatment
title_full_unstemmed A Comparative Study on Absorption of Gaseous Formaldehyde by Electrospun Biomass Carbon Nanofiber Membranes Modified by Plasma Activation and Chemical Treatment
title_short A Comparative Study on Absorption of Gaseous Formaldehyde by Electrospun Biomass Carbon Nanofiber Membranes Modified by Plasma Activation and Chemical Treatment
title_sort comparative study on absorption of gaseous formaldehyde by electrospun biomass carbon nanofiber membranes modified by plasma activation and chemical treatment
topic gaseous formaldehyde
adsorption
electrospinning
carbonization
chemical treatment
cold plasma activation
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2184
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