Factors Influencing the Formation, Development of Buds, and Flowering of Temperate Fruit Trees

The condition for the formation of fruit on fruit plants is the presence of flower buds, flowering and proper pollination/fertilisation of flowers. Fruit trees and shrubs are perennial plants, and the processes of flower bud formation and flowering are distant in time. The formation of flower buds o...

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Main Authors: Iwona Szot, Grzegorz P. Łysiak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Agriculture
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1304
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author Iwona Szot
Grzegorz P. Łysiak
author_facet Iwona Szot
Grzegorz P. Łysiak
author_sort Iwona Szot
collection DOAJ
description The condition for the formation of fruit on fruit plants is the presence of flower buds, flowering and proper pollination/fertilisation of flowers. Fruit trees and shrubs are perennial plants, and the processes of flower bud formation and flowering are distant in time. The formation of flower buds occurs in the year preceding flowering and fruiting. The number and quality of flowers are the basic factors that determine the potential yield of fruit trees. Therefore, the review focuses on a thorough review of the latest research on the various stages in the development of trees, in which the processes that determine their flowering take place. The greatest emphasis was placed on the influence of factors that determine the yield of trees after the juvenile stage. Climate change leading to global warming will undoubtedly affect the formation of flower buds, which determine the size of crops. To avoid the unforeseen effects of abiotic factors on the availability of raw materials, such as fruits, it is good to diversify the structure of cultivated plants. Most fruit plants come from the Rosaceae family, so they have many pathogens and pests in common. To increase crop, economic, and habitat biodiversity, it is necessary to look for other, more genetically distant, sometimes even less known fruit-bearing species.
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spelling doaj-art-c636ecf880a84a498f4fb73e0fe5cb212025-08-20T03:30:28ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-06-011512130410.3390/agriculture15121304Factors Influencing the Formation, Development of Buds, and Flowering of Temperate Fruit TreesIwona Szot0Grzegorz P. Łysiak1Subdepartment of Pomology, Nursery and Enology, Institute of Horticulture Production, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Pomology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, PolandThe condition for the formation of fruit on fruit plants is the presence of flower buds, flowering and proper pollination/fertilisation of flowers. Fruit trees and shrubs are perennial plants, and the processes of flower bud formation and flowering are distant in time. The formation of flower buds occurs in the year preceding flowering and fruiting. The number and quality of flowers are the basic factors that determine the potential yield of fruit trees. Therefore, the review focuses on a thorough review of the latest research on the various stages in the development of trees, in which the processes that determine their flowering take place. The greatest emphasis was placed on the influence of factors that determine the yield of trees after the juvenile stage. Climate change leading to global warming will undoubtedly affect the formation of flower buds, which determine the size of crops. To avoid the unforeseen effects of abiotic factors on the availability of raw materials, such as fruits, it is good to diversify the structure of cultivated plants. Most fruit plants come from the Rosaceae family, so they have many pathogens and pests in common. To increase crop, economic, and habitat biodiversity, it is necessary to look for other, more genetically distant, sometimes even less known fruit-bearing species.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1304climatic conditionsdormancymature stagestemperature
spellingShingle Iwona Szot
Grzegorz P. Łysiak
Factors Influencing the Formation, Development of Buds, and Flowering of Temperate Fruit Trees
Agriculture
climatic conditions
dormancy
mature stages
temperature
title Factors Influencing the Formation, Development of Buds, and Flowering of Temperate Fruit Trees
title_full Factors Influencing the Formation, Development of Buds, and Flowering of Temperate Fruit Trees
title_fullStr Factors Influencing the Formation, Development of Buds, and Flowering of Temperate Fruit Trees
title_full_unstemmed Factors Influencing the Formation, Development of Buds, and Flowering of Temperate Fruit Trees
title_short Factors Influencing the Formation, Development of Buds, and Flowering of Temperate Fruit Trees
title_sort factors influencing the formation development of buds and flowering of temperate fruit trees
topic climatic conditions
dormancy
mature stages
temperature
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/12/1304
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