FEMNet: A Feature-Enriched Mamba Network for Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery

Accurate and efficient cloud detection is critical for maintaining the usability of optical remote sensing imagery, particularly in large-scale Earth observation systems. In this study, we propose FEMNet, a lightweight dual-branch network that combines state space modeling with convolutional encodin...

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Main Authors: Weixing Liu, Bin Luo, Jun Liu, Han Nie, Xin Su
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2639
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author Weixing Liu
Bin Luo
Jun Liu
Han Nie
Xin Su
author_facet Weixing Liu
Bin Luo
Jun Liu
Han Nie
Xin Su
author_sort Weixing Liu
collection DOAJ
description Accurate and efficient cloud detection is critical for maintaining the usability of optical remote sensing imagery, particularly in large-scale Earth observation systems. In this study, we propose FEMNet, a lightweight dual-branch network that combines state space modeling with convolutional encoding for multi-class cloud segmentation. The Mamba-based encoder captures long-range semantic dependencies with linear complexity, while a parallel CNN path preserves spatial detail. To address the semantic inconsistency across feature hierarchies and limited context perception in decoding, we introduce the following two targeted modules: a cross-stage semantic enhancement (CSSE) block that adaptively aligns low- and high-level features, and a multi-scale context aggregation (MSCA) block that integrates contextual cues at multiple resolutions. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrate that FEMNet achieves state-of-the-art performance across both binary and multi-class settings, while requiring only 4.4M parameters and 1.3G multiply–accumulate operations. These results highlight FEMNet’s suitability for resource-efficient deployment in real-world remote sensing applications.
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spelling doaj-art-c6310c0848274b63b2c0594ccd16fcb82025-08-20T03:36:22ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-07-011715263910.3390/rs17152639FEMNet: A Feature-Enriched Mamba Network for Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing ImageryWeixing Liu0Bin Luo1Jun Liu2Han Nie3Xin Su4State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaAccurate and efficient cloud detection is critical for maintaining the usability of optical remote sensing imagery, particularly in large-scale Earth observation systems. In this study, we propose FEMNet, a lightweight dual-branch network that combines state space modeling with convolutional encoding for multi-class cloud segmentation. The Mamba-based encoder captures long-range semantic dependencies with linear complexity, while a parallel CNN path preserves spatial detail. To address the semantic inconsistency across feature hierarchies and limited context perception in decoding, we introduce the following two targeted modules: a cross-stage semantic enhancement (CSSE) block that adaptively aligns low- and high-level features, and a multi-scale context aggregation (MSCA) block that integrates contextual cues at multiple resolutions. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets demonstrate that FEMNet achieves state-of-the-art performance across both binary and multi-class settings, while requiring only 4.4M parameters and 1.3G multiply–accumulate operations. These results highlight FEMNet’s suitability for resource-efficient deployment in real-world remote sensing applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2639cloud detectionremote sensing imageMambadeep learning
spellingShingle Weixing Liu
Bin Luo
Jun Liu
Han Nie
Xin Su
FEMNet: A Feature-Enriched Mamba Network for Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery
Remote Sensing
cloud detection
remote sensing image
Mamba
deep learning
title FEMNet: A Feature-Enriched Mamba Network for Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery
title_full FEMNet: A Feature-Enriched Mamba Network for Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery
title_fullStr FEMNet: A Feature-Enriched Mamba Network for Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery
title_full_unstemmed FEMNet: A Feature-Enriched Mamba Network for Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery
title_short FEMNet: A Feature-Enriched Mamba Network for Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery
title_sort femnet a feature enriched mamba network for cloud detection in remote sensing imagery
topic cloud detection
remote sensing image
Mamba
deep learning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2639
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