Salivary mycobiome alterations in HIV-infected MSM: dominance of Pseudogymnoascus and functional shifts across disease stages
BackgroundOral health is increasingly recognized as a crucial determinant of overall health in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Specifically, the oral mycobiome may play a pivotal role in HIV-associated oral complications. However, the fungal species involved and their potential as biomarkers fo...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1564891/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850144507871363072 |
|---|---|
| author | Ying Guo Ying Guo Lu Lin Miao Zhang Yixi Yu Yan Wang Jie Cao Yuchen Li Xintong Sun Meilin Guan Shuo Wen Xin Wang Zhen Fang Wenshan Duan Junyi Duan Tao Huang Wei Xia Shan Guo Feili Wei Dongxiang Zheng Xiaojie Huang |
| author_facet | Ying Guo Ying Guo Lu Lin Miao Zhang Yixi Yu Yan Wang Jie Cao Yuchen Li Xintong Sun Meilin Guan Shuo Wen Xin Wang Zhen Fang Wenshan Duan Junyi Duan Tao Huang Wei Xia Shan Guo Feili Wei Dongxiang Zheng Xiaojie Huang |
| author_sort | Ying Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundOral health is increasingly recognized as a crucial determinant of overall health in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Specifically, the oral mycobiome may play a pivotal role in HIV-associated oral complications. However, the fungal species involved and their potential as biomarkers for HIV-related oral conditions remain poorly understood. This study investigates salivary fungal profiles in PLWHA who have sex with men (MSM), focusing on diversity, functional shifts, and correlations with disease progression.MethodsA cross-sectional study included 25 MSM participants divided into five groups: HIV-negative controls (n = 5) and four HIV-positive groups stratified by CD4 count: Stage 0 (HIV RNA-positive/antibody-negative; n = 5), Stage 1 (CD4 ≥500 cells/μL; n = 5), Stage 2 (CD4 200–499 cells/μL; n = 5), and Stage 3 (CD4 <200 cells/μL or opportunistic infections; n = 5). Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using metagenomic sequencing (Illumina NovaSeq platform). Bioinformatic analyses included genome assembly (MEGAHIT), gene clustering (CD-HIT), gene abundance calculation (SOAPaligner), species annotation (BLASTP), and KEGG pathway annotation (KOBAS 2.0). Statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman’s correlation) assessed associations between fungal profiles, CD4 count, and viral loads.ResultsA total of 51 fungal genera were identified, with Pseudogymnoascus being the most abundant. Functional analysis revealed 113 shared KEGG pathways, of which 69 were unique to Stage 3, primarily related to metabolic and disease-related processes. Notably, Auricularia exhibited a positive correlation with CD4 count (P ≤ 0.01), while Mucor showed a negative correlation (P = 0.0299).ConclusionsSalivary mycobiome composition and function shift significantly across HIV stages, reflecting immune decline. Pseudogymnoascus dominance challenges conventional views of oral fungal ecology in immunocompromised hosts. These findings highlight the mycobiome’s diagnostic potential for monitoring HIV-related oral health. Longitudinal studies are needed to validate clinical relevance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c630430c68e348b4b7e07ce8110aec13 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c630430c68e348b4b7e07ce8110aec132025-08-20T02:28:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-05-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15648911564891Salivary mycobiome alterations in HIV-infected MSM: dominance of Pseudogymnoascus and functional shifts across disease stagesYing Guo0Ying Guo1Lu Lin2Miao Zhang3Yixi Yu4Yan Wang5Jie Cao6Yuchen Li7Xintong Sun8Meilin Guan9Shuo Wen10Xin Wang11Zhen Fang12Wenshan Duan13Junyi Duan14Tao Huang15Wei Xia16Shan Guo17Feili Wei18Dongxiang Zheng19Xiaojie Huang20Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaClinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaClinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaClinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaClinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaClinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaClinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundOral health is increasingly recognized as a crucial determinant of overall health in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Specifically, the oral mycobiome may play a pivotal role in HIV-associated oral complications. However, the fungal species involved and their potential as biomarkers for HIV-related oral conditions remain poorly understood. This study investigates salivary fungal profiles in PLWHA who have sex with men (MSM), focusing on diversity, functional shifts, and correlations with disease progression.MethodsA cross-sectional study included 25 MSM participants divided into five groups: HIV-negative controls (n = 5) and four HIV-positive groups stratified by CD4 count: Stage 0 (HIV RNA-positive/antibody-negative; n = 5), Stage 1 (CD4 ≥500 cells/μL; n = 5), Stage 2 (CD4 200–499 cells/μL; n = 5), and Stage 3 (CD4 <200 cells/μL or opportunistic infections; n = 5). Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using metagenomic sequencing (Illumina NovaSeq platform). Bioinformatic analyses included genome assembly (MEGAHIT), gene clustering (CD-HIT), gene abundance calculation (SOAPaligner), species annotation (BLASTP), and KEGG pathway annotation (KOBAS 2.0). Statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman’s correlation) assessed associations between fungal profiles, CD4 count, and viral loads.ResultsA total of 51 fungal genera were identified, with Pseudogymnoascus being the most abundant. Functional analysis revealed 113 shared KEGG pathways, of which 69 were unique to Stage 3, primarily related to metabolic and disease-related processes. Notably, Auricularia exhibited a positive correlation with CD4 count (P ≤ 0.01), while Mucor showed a negative correlation (P = 0.0299).ConclusionsSalivary mycobiome composition and function shift significantly across HIV stages, reflecting immune decline. Pseudogymnoascus dominance challenges conventional views of oral fungal ecology in immunocompromised hosts. These findings highlight the mycobiome’s diagnostic potential for monitoring HIV-related oral health. Longitudinal studies are needed to validate clinical relevance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1564891/fullsalivamycobiomePLWHAMSMmetagenomic analysesKEGG function |
| spellingShingle | Ying Guo Ying Guo Lu Lin Miao Zhang Yixi Yu Yan Wang Jie Cao Yuchen Li Xintong Sun Meilin Guan Shuo Wen Xin Wang Zhen Fang Wenshan Duan Junyi Duan Tao Huang Wei Xia Shan Guo Feili Wei Dongxiang Zheng Xiaojie Huang Salivary mycobiome alterations in HIV-infected MSM: dominance of Pseudogymnoascus and functional shifts across disease stages Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology saliva mycobiome PLWHA MSM metagenomic analyses KEGG function |
| title | Salivary mycobiome alterations in HIV-infected MSM: dominance of Pseudogymnoascus and functional shifts across disease stages |
| title_full | Salivary mycobiome alterations in HIV-infected MSM: dominance of Pseudogymnoascus and functional shifts across disease stages |
| title_fullStr | Salivary mycobiome alterations in HIV-infected MSM: dominance of Pseudogymnoascus and functional shifts across disease stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salivary mycobiome alterations in HIV-infected MSM: dominance of Pseudogymnoascus and functional shifts across disease stages |
| title_short | Salivary mycobiome alterations in HIV-infected MSM: dominance of Pseudogymnoascus and functional shifts across disease stages |
| title_sort | salivary mycobiome alterations in hiv infected msm dominance of pseudogymnoascus and functional shifts across disease stages |
| topic | saliva mycobiome PLWHA MSM metagenomic analyses KEGG function |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1564891/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yingguo salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT yingguo salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT lulin salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT miaozhang salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT yixiyu salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT yanwang salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT jiecao salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT yuchenli salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT xintongsun salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT meilinguan salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT shuowen salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT xinwang salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT zhenfang salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT wenshanduan salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT junyiduan salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT taohuang salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT weixia salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT shanguo salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT feiliwei salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT dongxiangzheng salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages AT xiaojiehuang salivarymycobiomealterationsinhivinfectedmsmdominanceofpseudogymnoascusandfunctionalshiftsacrossdiseasestages |