Antistaphylococcal activity of 3D-printed titanium implants with magnesium‑containing multicomponent coating

Introduction Titanium has been successfully employed as artificial implants in orthopedic surgery for decades. Surgical intervention, specifically the implantation of medical devices, carries a risk of implant-associated infection (IAI), the causative agents of which are staphylococci in more than...

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Main Authors: Ekaterina M. Gordina, Svetlana A. Bozhkova, Dmitry V. Labutin, Marina V. Bogma, Alexander A. Eruzin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics 2025-08-01
Series:Гений oртопедии
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author Ekaterina M. Gordina
Svetlana A. Bozhkova
Dmitry V. Labutin
Marina V. Bogma
Alexander A. Eruzin
author_facet Ekaterina M. Gordina
Svetlana A. Bozhkova
Dmitry V. Labutin
Marina V. Bogma
Alexander A. Eruzin
author_sort Ekaterina M. Gordina
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Titanium has been successfully employed as artificial implants in orthopedic surgery for decades. Surgical intervention, specifically the implantation of medical devices, carries a risk of implant-associated infection (IAI), the causative agents of which are staphylococci in more than half of the cases. The objective was to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm activity and cytocompatibility of a multicomponent coating with magnesium and silver oxides on the surface of 3D titanium samples. Material and methods The MgO-AgO-MgO complex The MgO-AgO-MgO complex was applied to 3D samples of medical titanium. Elemental analysis was performed using a TM 4000 Plus scanning electron microscope. The samples were incubated with bacteria for 24 hours to identify antibacterial activity against S. aureus. S. aureus biofilms were formed by immersing the test samples in a nutrient medium with bacteria. After a 24‑hour incubation, the samples were washed, placed in an ultrasonic washer, and then sonication fluid was seeded using the sector seeding method. The cytocompatibility of the coating was assessed on a culture of eukaryotic cells of the Vero line. Results Elemental analysis and mapping confirmed the uniform distribution of oxides on the surface of 3D titanium samples. The coating was characterized by antibacterial activity against S. aureus for three days. The MgO-AgO-MgO complex effectively prevented S. aureus adhesion and microbial film formation, while the control samples showed biofilm formation by staphylococci. However, cytocompatibility analysis of the 3D samples showed no viable cells after 72 h of incubation in a medium with an extract from coated titanium samples. Discussion Despite a decrease in antibacterial properties on day 4, the MgO-AgO-MgO complex prevented microbial adhesion to the surface of the samples which ensured protection of the implant from the formation of microbial biofilm. The cytotoxicity of the complex was caused by significant activation of lipid peroxidation reactions, which resulted in suppression of the viability of eukaryotic cells. Conclusion The MgO-AgO-MgO coating prevents primary interaction between the pathogen and the abiotic surface, which is one of the main factors in preventing the development of IAI and the relapses after revision surgeries with implant replacement. However, the high level of cytotoxicity requires further modification of the coating application technique and its composition.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1028-4427
2542-131X
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics
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series Гений oртопедии
spelling doaj-art-c6299e5307f042dda18cb178c9e701a12025-08-20T06:37:36ZengRussian Ilizarov Scientific Center for Restorative Traumatology and OrthopaedicsГений oртопедии1028-44272542-131X2025-08-0131448749410.18019/1028-4427-2025-31-4-487-494Antistaphylococcal activity of 3D-printed titanium implants with magnesium‑containing multicomponent coatingEkaterina M. Gordina0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2326-7413Svetlana A. Bozhkova1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-2424Dmitry V. Labutin2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-7688Marina V. Bogma3https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8446-5114Alexander A. Eruzin4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2327-2466Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationVreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationVreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationJSC "Radiotekhkomplekt", Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationJSC "Radiotekhkomplekt", Saint Petersburg, Russian FederationIntroduction Titanium has been successfully employed as artificial implants in orthopedic surgery for decades. Surgical intervention, specifically the implantation of medical devices, carries a risk of implant-associated infection (IAI), the causative agents of which are staphylococci in more than half of the cases. The objective was to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm activity and cytocompatibility of a multicomponent coating with magnesium and silver oxides on the surface of 3D titanium samples. Material and methods The MgO-AgO-MgO complex The MgO-AgO-MgO complex was applied to 3D samples of medical titanium. Elemental analysis was performed using a TM 4000 Plus scanning electron microscope. The samples were incubated with bacteria for 24 hours to identify antibacterial activity against S. aureus. S. aureus biofilms were formed by immersing the test samples in a nutrient medium with bacteria. After a 24‑hour incubation, the samples were washed, placed in an ultrasonic washer, and then sonication fluid was seeded using the sector seeding method. The cytocompatibility of the coating was assessed on a culture of eukaryotic cells of the Vero line. Results Elemental analysis and mapping confirmed the uniform distribution of oxides on the surface of 3D titanium samples. The coating was characterized by antibacterial activity against S. aureus for three days. The MgO-AgO-MgO complex effectively prevented S. aureus adhesion and microbial film formation, while the control samples showed biofilm formation by staphylococci. However, cytocompatibility analysis of the 3D samples showed no viable cells after 72 h of incubation in a medium with an extract from coated titanium samples. Discussion Despite a decrease in antibacterial properties on day 4, the MgO-AgO-MgO complex prevented microbial adhesion to the surface of the samples which ensured protection of the implant from the formation of microbial biofilm. The cytotoxicity of the complex was caused by significant activation of lipid peroxidation reactions, which resulted in suppression of the viability of eukaryotic cells. Conclusion The MgO-AgO-MgO coating prevents primary interaction between the pathogen and the abiotic surface, which is one of the main factors in preventing the development of IAI and the relapses after revision surgeries with implant replacement. However, the high level of cytotoxicity requires further modification of the coating application technique and its composition.implant-associated infectionantibacterial coatingmagnesiumoxidessilvers. aureus
spellingShingle Ekaterina M. Gordina
Svetlana A. Bozhkova
Dmitry V. Labutin
Marina V. Bogma
Alexander A. Eruzin
Antistaphylococcal activity of 3D-printed titanium implants with magnesium‑containing multicomponent coating
Гений oртопедии
implant-associated infection
antibacterial coating
magnesium
oxides
silver
s. aureus
title Antistaphylococcal activity of 3D-printed titanium implants with magnesium‑containing multicomponent coating
title_full Antistaphylococcal activity of 3D-printed titanium implants with magnesium‑containing multicomponent coating
title_fullStr Antistaphylococcal activity of 3D-printed titanium implants with magnesium‑containing multicomponent coating
title_full_unstemmed Antistaphylococcal activity of 3D-printed titanium implants with magnesium‑containing multicomponent coating
title_short Antistaphylococcal activity of 3D-printed titanium implants with magnesium‑containing multicomponent coating
title_sort antistaphylococcal activity of 3d printed titanium implants with magnesium containing multicomponent coating
topic implant-associated infection
antibacterial coating
magnesium
oxides
silver
s. aureus
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AT dmitryvlabutin antistaphylococcalactivityof3dprintedtitaniumimplantswithmagnesiumcontainingmulticomponentcoating
AT marinavbogma antistaphylococcalactivityof3dprintedtitaniumimplantswithmagnesiumcontainingmulticomponentcoating
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