Influence Mechanism of Vermicompost with Different Maturity on Atrazine Catabolism and Bacterial Community
Atrazine causes serious contamination of agricultural soils and groundwater. This study investigated the influence mechanism of sterilized soil (CKs), unsterilized soil (CKn), sterilized soil amended with 45 (SsV1), 60 (SsV2), 75 (SsV3) days of vermicompost (the maturity days of vermicompost), and u...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/30 |
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| author | Luwen Zhang Lixin Xu Zunhao Zhang Jiaolin Li Limeng Ren Zhichen Liu Yan Zhang Yuxiang Chen |
| author_facet | Luwen Zhang Lixin Xu Zunhao Zhang Jiaolin Li Limeng Ren Zhichen Liu Yan Zhang Yuxiang Chen |
| author_sort | Luwen Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atrazine causes serious contamination of agricultural soils and groundwater. This study investigated the influence mechanism of sterilized soil (CKs), unsterilized soil (CKn), sterilized soil amended with 45 (SsV1), 60 (SsV2), 75 (SsV3) days of vermicompost (the maturity days of vermicompost), and unsterilized soil amended with 45 (SnV1), 60 (SnV2), 75 (SnV3) days of vermicompost on atrazine catabolism. The atrazine degradation experiment lasted for 40 days. The results showed that the atrazine degradation rates for CKs, CKn, SsV1, SsV2, SsV3, SnV1, SnV2, and SnV3 were 24%, 56.9%, 62.8%, 66.1%, 65.9%, 87.5%, 92.9%, and 92.3%, respectively. Indigenous microorganisms capable of degrading atrazine were present in unsterilized soil, and the addition of vermicompost enhanced atrazine degradation. The humic acid content of SnV2 was the highest, at 4.11 g/kg, which was 71.97% higher than that of CKn. The addition of the vermicompost enhanced the production of hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine. Vermicompost increased the abundance of atrazine-degrading bacteria (<i>Mycobacterium</i>, <i>Devosia</i>, etc.), and introduced new atrazine-degrading bacteria (<i>Mesorhizobium</i>, <i>Demequina</i>). The above results showed that the best degradation of atrazine was achieved with 60 days of vermicompost addition. This study provides a new, efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly strategy for the remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c62946d2dc68403dace8471a6c047a50 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-c62946d2dc68403dace8471a6c047a502025-01-24T13:50:59ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-01-011313010.3390/toxics13010030Influence Mechanism of Vermicompost with Different Maturity on Atrazine Catabolism and Bacterial CommunityLuwen Zhang0Lixin Xu1Zunhao Zhang2Jiaolin Li3Limeng Ren4Zhichen Liu5Yan Zhang6Yuxiang Chen7College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaThe Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, ChinaCollege of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, ChinaCollege of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, ChinaCollege of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, ChinaCostal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Pascagoula, MS 39567, USACollege of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, ChinaAtrazine causes serious contamination of agricultural soils and groundwater. This study investigated the influence mechanism of sterilized soil (CKs), unsterilized soil (CKn), sterilized soil amended with 45 (SsV1), 60 (SsV2), 75 (SsV3) days of vermicompost (the maturity days of vermicompost), and unsterilized soil amended with 45 (SnV1), 60 (SnV2), 75 (SnV3) days of vermicompost on atrazine catabolism. The atrazine degradation experiment lasted for 40 days. The results showed that the atrazine degradation rates for CKs, CKn, SsV1, SsV2, SsV3, SnV1, SnV2, and SnV3 were 24%, 56.9%, 62.8%, 66.1%, 65.9%, 87.5%, 92.9%, and 92.3%, respectively. Indigenous microorganisms capable of degrading atrazine were present in unsterilized soil, and the addition of vermicompost enhanced atrazine degradation. The humic acid content of SnV2 was the highest, at 4.11 g/kg, which was 71.97% higher than that of CKn. The addition of the vermicompost enhanced the production of hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine. Vermicompost increased the abundance of atrazine-degrading bacteria (<i>Mycobacterium</i>, <i>Devosia</i>, etc.), and introduced new atrazine-degrading bacteria (<i>Mesorhizobium</i>, <i>Demequina</i>). The above results showed that the best degradation of atrazine was achieved with 60 days of vermicompost addition. This study provides a new, efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly strategy for the remediation of atrazine-contaminated soil.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/30vermicompostatrazinemicrobial communitiesmetabolic pathwaysco-occurrence networks |
| spellingShingle | Luwen Zhang Lixin Xu Zunhao Zhang Jiaolin Li Limeng Ren Zhichen Liu Yan Zhang Yuxiang Chen Influence Mechanism of Vermicompost with Different Maturity on Atrazine Catabolism and Bacterial Community Toxics vermicompost atrazine microbial communities metabolic pathways co-occurrence networks |
| title | Influence Mechanism of Vermicompost with Different Maturity on Atrazine Catabolism and Bacterial Community |
| title_full | Influence Mechanism of Vermicompost with Different Maturity on Atrazine Catabolism and Bacterial Community |
| title_fullStr | Influence Mechanism of Vermicompost with Different Maturity on Atrazine Catabolism and Bacterial Community |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence Mechanism of Vermicompost with Different Maturity on Atrazine Catabolism and Bacterial Community |
| title_short | Influence Mechanism of Vermicompost with Different Maturity on Atrazine Catabolism and Bacterial Community |
| title_sort | influence mechanism of vermicompost with different maturity on atrazine catabolism and bacterial community |
| topic | vermicompost atrazine microbial communities metabolic pathways co-occurrence networks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/30 |
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