Focusing 3D Small Objects with Object Matching Set Abstraction

Currently, 3D object detection methods fail to detect small objects due to the fewer effective points of small objects. It is a significant challenge to reduce the loss of information of points in representation learning. To this end, we propose an effective 3D detection method with object matching...

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Main Authors: Lei Guo, Ningdong Song, Jindong Hu, Huiyan Han, Xie Han, Fengguang Xiong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4121
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author Lei Guo
Ningdong Song
Jindong Hu
Huiyan Han
Xie Han
Fengguang Xiong
author_facet Lei Guo
Ningdong Song
Jindong Hu
Huiyan Han
Xie Han
Fengguang Xiong
author_sort Lei Guo
collection DOAJ
description Currently, 3D object detection methods fail to detect small objects due to the fewer effective points of small objects. It is a significant challenge to reduce the loss of information of points in representation learning. To this end, we propose an effective 3D detection method with object matching set abstraction (OMSA). We observe that key points are lost during feature learning with multiple set abstraction layers, especially for downsampling and queries. Therefore, we present a novel sampling module named focus-based sampling, which raises the sampling probability of small objects. In addition, we design a multi-scale cube query to match the small objects with a close geometric alignment. Our comprehensive experimental evaluations on the KITTI 3D benchmark demonstrate significant performance improvements in 3D object detection. Notably, the proposed framework exhibits competitive detection accuracy for small objects (pedestrians and cyclists). Through an ablation study, we verify that each module contributes to the performance enhancement and demonstrate the robustness of the method against the balance factor.
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issn 2076-3417
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-c620c333a5dc45b5b2caca2c85a527fa2025-08-20T03:14:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01158412110.3390/app15084121Focusing 3D Small Objects with Object Matching Set AbstractionLei Guo0Ningdong Song1Jindong Hu2Huiyan Han3Xie Han4Fengguang Xiong5Shanxi Key Laboratory of Machine Vision and Virtual Reality, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaShanxi Key Laboratory of Machine Vision and Virtual Reality, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaShanxi Key Laboratory of Machine Vision and Virtual Reality, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaShanxi Key Laboratory of Machine Vision and Virtual Reality, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaShanxi Key Laboratory of Machine Vision and Virtual Reality, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaShanxi Key Laboratory of Machine Vision and Virtual Reality, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaCurrently, 3D object detection methods fail to detect small objects due to the fewer effective points of small objects. It is a significant challenge to reduce the loss of information of points in representation learning. To this end, we propose an effective 3D detection method with object matching set abstraction (OMSA). We observe that key points are lost during feature learning with multiple set abstraction layers, especially for downsampling and queries. Therefore, we present a novel sampling module named focus-based sampling, which raises the sampling probability of small objects. In addition, we design a multi-scale cube query to match the small objects with a close geometric alignment. Our comprehensive experimental evaluations on the KITTI 3D benchmark demonstrate significant performance improvements in 3D object detection. Notably, the proposed framework exhibits competitive detection accuracy for small objects (pedestrians and cyclists). Through an ablation study, we verify that each module contributes to the performance enhancement and demonstrate the robustness of the method against the balance factor.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/41213D object detectionset abstractionsmall object detectionpoint clouds
spellingShingle Lei Guo
Ningdong Song
Jindong Hu
Huiyan Han
Xie Han
Fengguang Xiong
Focusing 3D Small Objects with Object Matching Set Abstraction
Applied Sciences
3D object detection
set abstraction
small object detection
point clouds
title Focusing 3D Small Objects with Object Matching Set Abstraction
title_full Focusing 3D Small Objects with Object Matching Set Abstraction
title_fullStr Focusing 3D Small Objects with Object Matching Set Abstraction
title_full_unstemmed Focusing 3D Small Objects with Object Matching Set Abstraction
title_short Focusing 3D Small Objects with Object Matching Set Abstraction
title_sort focusing 3d small objects with object matching set abstraction
topic 3D object detection
set abstraction
small object detection
point clouds
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4121
work_keys_str_mv AT leiguo focusing3dsmallobjectswithobjectmatchingsetabstraction
AT ningdongsong focusing3dsmallobjectswithobjectmatchingsetabstraction
AT jindonghu focusing3dsmallobjectswithobjectmatchingsetabstraction
AT huiyanhan focusing3dsmallobjectswithobjectmatchingsetabstraction
AT xiehan focusing3dsmallobjectswithobjectmatchingsetabstraction
AT fengguangxiong focusing3dsmallobjectswithobjectmatchingsetabstraction