Multidimensional sleep profiles via machine learning and risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease

Abstract Background Sleep health comprises several dimensions such as sleep duration and fragmentation, circadian activity, and daytime behavior. Yet, most research has focused on individual sleep characteristics. Studies are needed to identify sleep/circadian profiles incorporating multiple dimensi...

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Main Authors: Clémence Cavaillès, Meredith Wallace, Yue Leng, Katie L. Stone, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Kristine Yaffe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Communications Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-01019-x
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author Clémence Cavaillès
Meredith Wallace
Yue Leng
Katie L. Stone
Sonia Ancoli-Israel
Kristine Yaffe
author_facet Clémence Cavaillès
Meredith Wallace
Yue Leng
Katie L. Stone
Sonia Ancoli-Israel
Kristine Yaffe
author_sort Clémence Cavaillès
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Sleep health comprises several dimensions such as sleep duration and fragmentation, circadian activity, and daytime behavior. Yet, most research has focused on individual sleep characteristics. Studies are needed to identify sleep/circadian profiles incorporating multiple dimensions and to assess their associations with adverse health outcomes. Methods This multicenter population-based cohort study identified 24 h actigraphy-based sleep/circadian profiles in 2667 men aged ≥65 years using an unsupervised machine learning approach and investigated their associations with dementia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence over 12 years. Results We identify three distinct profiles: active healthy sleepers (AHS; 64.0%), fragmented poor sleepers (FPS; 14.1%), and long and frequent nappers (LFN; 21.9%). Over the follow-up, compared to AHS, FPS exhibit increased risks of dementia and CVD events (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02-1.78 and HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.08-1.60, respectively) after multivariable adjustment, whereas LFN show a marginal association with increased CVD events risk (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.98-1.37) but not with dementia (HR = 1.09, 95%CI = 0.86-1.38). Conclusions These results highlight potential targets for sleep interventions and the need for more comprehensive screening of poor sleepers for adverse outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-c61e595cb63a4bcc8f284a4667f2d68f2025-08-20T03:06:04ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Medicine2730-664X2025-07-015111010.1038/s43856-025-01019-xMultidimensional sleep profiles via machine learning and risk of dementia and cardiovascular diseaseClémence Cavaillès0Meredith Wallace1Yue Leng2Katie L. Stone3Sonia Ancoli-Israel4Kristine Yaffe5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San FranciscoDepartment of Psychiatry, University of PittsburghDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San FranciscoResearch Institute, California Pacific Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San DiegoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San FranciscoAbstract Background Sleep health comprises several dimensions such as sleep duration and fragmentation, circadian activity, and daytime behavior. Yet, most research has focused on individual sleep characteristics. Studies are needed to identify sleep/circadian profiles incorporating multiple dimensions and to assess their associations with adverse health outcomes. Methods This multicenter population-based cohort study identified 24 h actigraphy-based sleep/circadian profiles in 2667 men aged ≥65 years using an unsupervised machine learning approach and investigated their associations with dementia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence over 12 years. Results We identify three distinct profiles: active healthy sleepers (AHS; 64.0%), fragmented poor sleepers (FPS; 14.1%), and long and frequent nappers (LFN; 21.9%). Over the follow-up, compared to AHS, FPS exhibit increased risks of dementia and CVD events (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02-1.78 and HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.08-1.60, respectively) after multivariable adjustment, whereas LFN show a marginal association with increased CVD events risk (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.98-1.37) but not with dementia (HR = 1.09, 95%CI = 0.86-1.38). Conclusions These results highlight potential targets for sleep interventions and the need for more comprehensive screening of poor sleepers for adverse outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-01019-x
spellingShingle Clémence Cavaillès
Meredith Wallace
Yue Leng
Katie L. Stone
Sonia Ancoli-Israel
Kristine Yaffe
Multidimensional sleep profiles via machine learning and risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease
Communications Medicine
title Multidimensional sleep profiles via machine learning and risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease
title_full Multidimensional sleep profiles via machine learning and risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease
title_fullStr Multidimensional sleep profiles via machine learning and risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease
title_full_unstemmed Multidimensional sleep profiles via machine learning and risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease
title_short Multidimensional sleep profiles via machine learning and risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease
title_sort multidimensional sleep profiles via machine learning and risk of dementia and cardiovascular disease
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-01019-x
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