DMM-YOLO: A high efficiency soil fauna detection model based on an adaptive dynamic shuffle mechanism

Abstract Soil fauna play a critical role in maintaining ecosystem functions and assessing environmental health, making accurate and efficient detection essential. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) v9, which enhances feature capture capability whi...

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Main Authors: Jiehui Ke, Renbo Luo, Guoliang Xu, Yuna Tan, Zhifeng Wu, Liufeng Xiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12058-8
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author Jiehui Ke
Renbo Luo
Guoliang Xu
Yuna Tan
Zhifeng Wu
Liufeng Xiao
author_facet Jiehui Ke
Renbo Luo
Guoliang Xu
Yuna Tan
Zhifeng Wu
Liufeng Xiao
author_sort Jiehui Ke
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Soil fauna play a critical role in maintaining ecosystem functions and assessing environmental health, making accurate and efficient detection essential. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) v9, which enhances feature capture capability while reducing parameters by 33.6%. First, a dynamic local shuffle module (DLSConv) is proposed, which utilizes convolutions and adaptive shuffling, effectively enhancing information interaction and feature richness. Additionally, different efficient modules with multi-branch fusion structures, integrating DLSConv, are adopted for the Backbone and Neck to enhance feature extraction and fusion, while optimizing the feature maps fed into the detection head, thereby improving the network’s ability to extract features and detect targets. Ablation experiments demonstrate that the model achieves a 2.3% improvement in F-score and 1.8% increase in mean average precision (mAP)@50. On the soil fauna dataset, it attains 94.3% in mAP@75, significantly outperforming the baseline in challenging scenarios. These results highlight the model’s efficiency and reliability for soil fauna detection on resource-constrained devices. And this capability can significantly enhance ecological monitoring through scalable biodiversity assessment and empowers precision agriculture applications via actionable insights into soil health and faunal activity, underpinning sustainable land management practices.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-c61a61ad31e64b0b8c8ab8d757cb02ab2025-08-20T03:43:11ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-12058-8DMM-YOLO: A high efficiency soil fauna detection model based on an adaptive dynamic shuffle mechanismJiehui Ke0Renbo Luo1Guoliang Xu2Yuna Tan3Zhifeng Wu4Liufeng Xiao5School of Geographical Sciences and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou UniversitySchool of Geographical Sciences and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou UniversitySchool of Geographical Sciences and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou UniversitySchool of Geographical Sciences and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou UniversitySchool of Geographical Sciences and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou UniversitySchool of Geographical Sciences and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou UniversityAbstract Soil fauna play a critical role in maintaining ecosystem functions and assessing environmental health, making accurate and efficient detection essential. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) v9, which enhances feature capture capability while reducing parameters by 33.6%. First, a dynamic local shuffle module (DLSConv) is proposed, which utilizes convolutions and adaptive shuffling, effectively enhancing information interaction and feature richness. Additionally, different efficient modules with multi-branch fusion structures, integrating DLSConv, are adopted for the Backbone and Neck to enhance feature extraction and fusion, while optimizing the feature maps fed into the detection head, thereby improving the network’s ability to extract features and detect targets. Ablation experiments demonstrate that the model achieves a 2.3% improvement in F-score and 1.8% increase in mean average precision (mAP)@50. On the soil fauna dataset, it attains 94.3% in mAP@75, significantly outperforming the baseline in challenging scenarios. These results highlight the model’s efficiency and reliability for soil fauna detection on resource-constrained devices. And this capability can significantly enhance ecological monitoring through scalable biodiversity assessment and empowers precision agriculture applications via actionable insights into soil health and faunal activity, underpinning sustainable land management practices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12058-8YOLOv9Deep learningSoil faunaObject detectionEcological monitoring
spellingShingle Jiehui Ke
Renbo Luo
Guoliang Xu
Yuna Tan
Zhifeng Wu
Liufeng Xiao
DMM-YOLO: A high efficiency soil fauna detection model based on an adaptive dynamic shuffle mechanism
Scientific Reports
YOLOv9
Deep learning
Soil fauna
Object detection
Ecological monitoring
title DMM-YOLO: A high efficiency soil fauna detection model based on an adaptive dynamic shuffle mechanism
title_full DMM-YOLO: A high efficiency soil fauna detection model based on an adaptive dynamic shuffle mechanism
title_fullStr DMM-YOLO: A high efficiency soil fauna detection model based on an adaptive dynamic shuffle mechanism
title_full_unstemmed DMM-YOLO: A high efficiency soil fauna detection model based on an adaptive dynamic shuffle mechanism
title_short DMM-YOLO: A high efficiency soil fauna detection model based on an adaptive dynamic shuffle mechanism
title_sort dmm yolo a high efficiency soil fauna detection model based on an adaptive dynamic shuffle mechanism
topic YOLOv9
Deep learning
Soil fauna
Object detection
Ecological monitoring
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12058-8
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