Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Mimicking a Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Cirrhotic Patient: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

Introduction. Primary hepatic lymphomas (PHLs) are rare liver tumors, frequently misdiagnosed preoperatively. As these tumors could be successfully treated with chemotherapy, their early recognition is essential, potentially, to avoid useless surgery. We report on the case of a cirrhotic patient wit...

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Main Authors: Ali Bohlok, Thierry De Grez, Fikri Bouazza, Roland De Wind, Melody El-Khoury, Deborah Repullo, Vincent Donckier
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2018-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Surgery
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9183717
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author Ali Bohlok
Thierry De Grez
Fikri Bouazza
Roland De Wind
Melody El-Khoury
Deborah Repullo
Vincent Donckier
author_facet Ali Bohlok
Thierry De Grez
Fikri Bouazza
Roland De Wind
Melody El-Khoury
Deborah Repullo
Vincent Donckier
author_sort Ali Bohlok
collection DOAJ
description Introduction. Primary hepatic lymphomas (PHLs) are rare liver tumors, frequently misdiagnosed preoperatively. As these tumors could be successfully treated with chemotherapy, their early recognition is essential, potentially, to avoid useless surgery. We report on the case of a cirrhotic patient with hemochromatosis who presented a PHL, initially diagnosed as a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and we analyze recent data from the literature on this subject. Case Presentation and Review of the Literature. A 45 mm liver tumor was found is a 68-year-old man with alcohol cirrhosis and hemochromatosis. At imaging, the diagnosis of HCC was suspected according to vascular characteristics and the presence of cirrhosis. FDG PET scan showed a solitary hypermetabolic liver tumor. Tumor markers were negative. Surgery consisted in left lateral hepatectomy. At pathology, the diagnosis of the primary hepatic marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type was demonstrated. Twenty-two articles reporting 33 cases of true PHL of MALT type were found. Presentation lacked specific symptoms (70% asymptomatic). Half of patients were suspected to have other etiologies of liver mass (HCC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma), and thus diagnosis was established postoperatively. In the patient, diagnosis was made by preoperative biopsy, and chemotherapy was first-line treatment. Discussion. Preoperative diagnosis of PHL, and particularly of primary hepatic MALT lymphoma, is challenging. This case illustrates that PHL remains to be considered among the differential diagnosis of isolated solid liver tumors. Further, it indicates that biopsy could be still indicated in case of suspected HCC in cirrhotic patients, particularly in the presence of unusual findings such as the combination of a FDG PET scan positive tumor in the absence of elevated alpha-fetoprotein.
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spelling doaj-art-c619a3a892fe4d8a8e4e4969f07505802025-08-20T03:22:43ZengWileyCase Reports in Surgery2090-69002090-69192018-01-01201810.1155/2018/91837179183717Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Mimicking a Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Cirrhotic Patient: Case Report and Systematic Review of the LiteratureAli Bohlok0Thierry De Grez1Fikri Bouazza2Roland De Wind3Melody El-Khoury4Deborah Repullo5Vincent Donckier6Service de Chirurgie, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, BelgiumService de Gastroentérologie, CHR Sambre et Meuse, Namur, BelgiumService de Chirurgie, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, BelgiumService d’Anatomie Pathologique, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, BelgiumService de Chirurgie, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, BelgiumService de Chirurgie, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, BelgiumService de Chirurgie, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, BelgiumIntroduction. Primary hepatic lymphomas (PHLs) are rare liver tumors, frequently misdiagnosed preoperatively. As these tumors could be successfully treated with chemotherapy, their early recognition is essential, potentially, to avoid useless surgery. We report on the case of a cirrhotic patient with hemochromatosis who presented a PHL, initially diagnosed as a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and we analyze recent data from the literature on this subject. Case Presentation and Review of the Literature. A 45 mm liver tumor was found is a 68-year-old man with alcohol cirrhosis and hemochromatosis. At imaging, the diagnosis of HCC was suspected according to vascular characteristics and the presence of cirrhosis. FDG PET scan showed a solitary hypermetabolic liver tumor. Tumor markers were negative. Surgery consisted in left lateral hepatectomy. At pathology, the diagnosis of the primary hepatic marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type was demonstrated. Twenty-two articles reporting 33 cases of true PHL of MALT type were found. Presentation lacked specific symptoms (70% asymptomatic). Half of patients were suspected to have other etiologies of liver mass (HCC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma), and thus diagnosis was established postoperatively. In the patient, diagnosis was made by preoperative biopsy, and chemotherapy was first-line treatment. Discussion. Preoperative diagnosis of PHL, and particularly of primary hepatic MALT lymphoma, is challenging. This case illustrates that PHL remains to be considered among the differential diagnosis of isolated solid liver tumors. Further, it indicates that biopsy could be still indicated in case of suspected HCC in cirrhotic patients, particularly in the presence of unusual findings such as the combination of a FDG PET scan positive tumor in the absence of elevated alpha-fetoprotein.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9183717
spellingShingle Ali Bohlok
Thierry De Grez
Fikri Bouazza
Roland De Wind
Melody El-Khoury
Deborah Repullo
Vincent Donckier
Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Mimicking a Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Cirrhotic Patient: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
Case Reports in Surgery
title Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Mimicking a Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Cirrhotic Patient: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
title_full Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Mimicking a Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Cirrhotic Patient: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
title_fullStr Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Mimicking a Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Cirrhotic Patient: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Mimicking a Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Cirrhotic Patient: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
title_short Primary Hepatic Lymphoma Mimicking a Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Cirrhotic Patient: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
title_sort primary hepatic lymphoma mimicking a hepatocellular carcinoma in a cirrhotic patient case report and systematic review of the literature
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9183717
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