Impacts of climate extremes on vegetation health in the tropical savannas of Africa

The tropical savanna of Africa, which covers 65 % of the continent, supports livelihood, livestock, crops and wildlife, playing an important role in socio-economic development in Africa. However, these ecosystems experience high temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons, making them highly vulne...

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Main Authors: Jeanine Umuhoza, Guli Jiapaer, Yu Tao, Jie Bai, Egide Hakorimana, Liancheng Zhang, Hongwu Liang, Kaixiong Lin, Tongwei Ju
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Global Ecology and Conservation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425002501
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author Jeanine Umuhoza
Guli Jiapaer
Yu Tao
Jie Bai
Egide Hakorimana
Liancheng Zhang
Hongwu Liang
Kaixiong Lin
Tongwei Ju
author_facet Jeanine Umuhoza
Guli Jiapaer
Yu Tao
Jie Bai
Egide Hakorimana
Liancheng Zhang
Hongwu Liang
Kaixiong Lin
Tongwei Ju
author_sort Jeanine Umuhoza
collection DOAJ
description The tropical savanna of Africa, which covers 65 % of the continent, supports livelihood, livestock, crops and wildlife, playing an important role in socio-economic development in Africa. However, these ecosystems experience high temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons, making them highly vulnerable to climate change, with shifts in temperature, precipitation, and drought posing significant threats to vegetation. Increasing droughts and altered rainfall patterns disrupt the balance of these ecosystems. This research employs linear regression analysis and boosted regression trees (BRT) to assess the influences of climatic factors, including precipitation, temperature, Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD), Soil Moisture (SM) and drought, on vegetation health in the African tropical savanna from 2000 to 2020. The key results showed that: Based on the spatial distribution of annual solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) dynamics, 26.55 % of tropical savanna areas showed significant improvement, mainly in savanna and forest-savanna mosaic. In contrast, 5.56 % of areas experienced significant degradation, primarily in thickets and woodlands. Stable or non-vegetated areas, accounting for 13.76 %, were most common in grasslands and bushveld. The Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) analysis revealed that VPD and temperature were key drivers of tropical savanna dynamics, contributing 26 % and 21 %, respectively. Thickets and bushlands were particularly vulnerable to water stress and drought, with VPD and temperature playing significant roles in these conditions. This research provides valuable insights for formulating strategies to promote savanna restoration and efficient management by examining the effects of climatic conditions on vegetation health.
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spelling doaj-art-c5ffbcb41fa445518f37d7ff6595a6db2025-08-20T03:30:30ZengElsevierGlobal Ecology and Conservation2351-98942025-09-0161e0364910.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03649Impacts of climate extremes on vegetation health in the tropical savannas of AfricaJeanine Umuhoza0Guli Jiapaer1Yu Tao2Jie Bai3Egide Hakorimana4Liancheng Zhang5Hongwu Liang6Kaixiong Lin7Tongwei Ju8State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application, Urumqi 830011, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application, Urumqi 830011, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application, Urumqi 830011, China; Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application, Urumqi 830011, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application, Urumqi 830011, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application, Urumqi 830011, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application, Urumqi 830011, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application, Urumqi 830011, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of RS & GIS Application, Urumqi 830011, ChinaThe tropical savanna of Africa, which covers 65 % of the continent, supports livelihood, livestock, crops and wildlife, playing an important role in socio-economic development in Africa. However, these ecosystems experience high temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons, making them highly vulnerable to climate change, with shifts in temperature, precipitation, and drought posing significant threats to vegetation. Increasing droughts and altered rainfall patterns disrupt the balance of these ecosystems. This research employs linear regression analysis and boosted regression trees (BRT) to assess the influences of climatic factors, including precipitation, temperature, Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD), Soil Moisture (SM) and drought, on vegetation health in the African tropical savanna from 2000 to 2020. The key results showed that: Based on the spatial distribution of annual solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) dynamics, 26.55 % of tropical savanna areas showed significant improvement, mainly in savanna and forest-savanna mosaic. In contrast, 5.56 % of areas experienced significant degradation, primarily in thickets and woodlands. Stable or non-vegetated areas, accounting for 13.76 %, were most common in grasslands and bushveld. The Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) analysis revealed that VPD and temperature were key drivers of tropical savanna dynamics, contributing 26 % and 21 %, respectively. Thickets and bushlands were particularly vulnerable to water stress and drought, with VPD and temperature playing significant roles in these conditions. This research provides valuable insights for formulating strategies to promote savanna restoration and efficient management by examining the effects of climatic conditions on vegetation health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425002501Tropical savannaSolar-induced chlorophyll fluorescenceVegetation healthClimate extremesAfrica
spellingShingle Jeanine Umuhoza
Guli Jiapaer
Yu Tao
Jie Bai
Egide Hakorimana
Liancheng Zhang
Hongwu Liang
Kaixiong Lin
Tongwei Ju
Impacts of climate extremes on vegetation health in the tropical savannas of Africa
Global Ecology and Conservation
Tropical savanna
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Vegetation health
Climate extremes
Africa
title Impacts of climate extremes on vegetation health in the tropical savannas of Africa
title_full Impacts of climate extremes on vegetation health in the tropical savannas of Africa
title_fullStr Impacts of climate extremes on vegetation health in the tropical savannas of Africa
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of climate extremes on vegetation health in the tropical savannas of Africa
title_short Impacts of climate extremes on vegetation health in the tropical savannas of Africa
title_sort impacts of climate extremes on vegetation health in the tropical savannas of africa
topic Tropical savanna
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Vegetation health
Climate extremes
Africa
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425002501
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