Meta-analysis of acupuncture combined therapies for amblyopia: efficacy and safety insights

BackgroundAcupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine therapy, is widely used for the management of amblyopia. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with conventional treatments for amblyopia.MethodsWe searched eight databases for relevant stu...

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Main Authors: Kang Tan, Yunfeng Yu, Pei Liu, Pengfei Jiang, Yi Liu, Bidan Lou, Qinghua Peng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1584296/full
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author Kang Tan
Kang Tan
Yunfeng Yu
Pei Liu
Pengfei Jiang
Yi Liu
Bidan Lou
Qinghua Peng
author_facet Kang Tan
Kang Tan
Yunfeng Yu
Pei Liu
Pengfei Jiang
Yi Liu
Bidan Lou
Qinghua Peng
author_sort Kang Tan
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAcupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine therapy, is widely used for the management of amblyopia. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with conventional treatments for amblyopia.MethodsWe searched eight databases for relevant studies published before December 31, 2024. Subsequently, the retrieved literature underwent a rigorous screening process based on pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thereafter, the basic information, outcome data, and risk of bias of the included studies were statistically analyzed. RevMan5.3 was employed to perform meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessment of publication bias. Additionally, GRADEpro3.6 was utilized to assess the quality of evidence for the outcomes.ResultsTen trials involving 918 eyes were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that, compared with to the conventional treatment, the acupuncture combined with conventional treatment significantly improved the clinical efficacy rate (relative risk [RR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–1.43, P < 0.00001, GRADE: low), the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) [mean difference (MD) 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.15, P = 0.03, GRADE: very low], and the amplitude of pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) P100 wave (MD 3.24, 95% CI 1.42–5.05, P = 0.0005, GRADE: low), while reduced the stereoacuity (MD −3.59, 95% CI −5.97 to 1.20, P = 0.003, GRADE: very low) and the latency of P-VEP P100 wave (MD −7.44, 95% CI −11.71 to −3.18, P = 0.0006, GRADE: very low). However, acupuncture may increase the adverse reaction rate (RR 5.57, 95% CI 1.01–30.84, P = 0.05, GRADE: low). Funnel plots indicated no publication bias in the clinical efficacy rate, latency of P-VEP P100 wave, amplitude of P-VEP P100 wave, or adverse events. Nevertheless, potential publication bias was detected for BCVA and stereoacuity.ConclusionCompared to conventional treatment, acupuncture combined with conventional treatment effectively improved visual acuity in amblyopia patients, although it may increase the risk of adverse events. Considering that these adverse events are mild, acupuncture still has the potential to serve as a complementary treatment for amblyopia. However, these findings need to be further validated through large-scale and high-quality studies.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251063432, identifier CRD420251063432.
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spelling doaj-art-c5fe00ba7c0d4342acab6416fc5e55922025-08-20T02:08:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-06-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15842961584296Meta-analysis of acupuncture combined therapies for amblyopia: efficacy and safety insightsKang Tan0Kang Tan1Yunfeng Yu2Pei Liu3Pengfei Jiang4Yi Liu5Bidan Lou6Qinghua Peng7School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaAcupuncture-Tuina-Rehabilitation Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaQuzhou Hospital Ophthalmology Center, Zhejiang Medical and Health University, Quzhou, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaAcupuncture-Tuina-Rehabilitation Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaBackgroundAcupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine therapy, is widely used for the management of amblyopia. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with conventional treatments for amblyopia.MethodsWe searched eight databases for relevant studies published before December 31, 2024. Subsequently, the retrieved literature underwent a rigorous screening process based on pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thereafter, the basic information, outcome data, and risk of bias of the included studies were statistically analyzed. RevMan5.3 was employed to perform meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessment of publication bias. Additionally, GRADEpro3.6 was utilized to assess the quality of evidence for the outcomes.ResultsTen trials involving 918 eyes were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that, compared with to the conventional treatment, the acupuncture combined with conventional treatment significantly improved the clinical efficacy rate (relative risk [RR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–1.43, P < 0.00001, GRADE: low), the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) [mean difference (MD) 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.15, P = 0.03, GRADE: very low], and the amplitude of pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) P100 wave (MD 3.24, 95% CI 1.42–5.05, P = 0.0005, GRADE: low), while reduced the stereoacuity (MD −3.59, 95% CI −5.97 to 1.20, P = 0.003, GRADE: very low) and the latency of P-VEP P100 wave (MD −7.44, 95% CI −11.71 to −3.18, P = 0.0006, GRADE: very low). However, acupuncture may increase the adverse reaction rate (RR 5.57, 95% CI 1.01–30.84, P = 0.05, GRADE: low). Funnel plots indicated no publication bias in the clinical efficacy rate, latency of P-VEP P100 wave, amplitude of P-VEP P100 wave, or adverse events. Nevertheless, potential publication bias was detected for BCVA and stereoacuity.ConclusionCompared to conventional treatment, acupuncture combined with conventional treatment effectively improved visual acuity in amblyopia patients, although it may increase the risk of adverse events. Considering that these adverse events are mild, acupuncture still has the potential to serve as a complementary treatment for amblyopia. However, these findings need to be further validated through large-scale and high-quality studies.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251063432, identifier CRD420251063432.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1584296/fullacupunctureamblyopiameta-analysissystematic reviewefficacysafety
spellingShingle Kang Tan
Kang Tan
Yunfeng Yu
Pei Liu
Pengfei Jiang
Yi Liu
Bidan Lou
Qinghua Peng
Meta-analysis of acupuncture combined therapies for amblyopia: efficacy and safety insights
Frontiers in Medicine
acupuncture
amblyopia
meta-analysis
systematic review
efficacy
safety
title Meta-analysis of acupuncture combined therapies for amblyopia: efficacy and safety insights
title_full Meta-analysis of acupuncture combined therapies for amblyopia: efficacy and safety insights
title_fullStr Meta-analysis of acupuncture combined therapies for amblyopia: efficacy and safety insights
title_full_unstemmed Meta-analysis of acupuncture combined therapies for amblyopia: efficacy and safety insights
title_short Meta-analysis of acupuncture combined therapies for amblyopia: efficacy and safety insights
title_sort meta analysis of acupuncture combined therapies for amblyopia efficacy and safety insights
topic acupuncture
amblyopia
meta-analysis
systematic review
efficacy
safety
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1584296/full
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