Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M, characterization and applications as novel multifunctional biocatalyst

Abstract Introduction This study explores the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis of AgNPs was characterized by a color change from transparent to dark brown and a UV-Vis absorption pea...

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Main Authors: Marium Saba, Safia Farooq, Abdulrahman H. Alessa, Kadriye Inan Bektas, Ali Osman Belduz, Alam Zeb Khan, Aamer Ali Shah, Malik Badshah, Samiullah Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Biotechnology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-025-00959-5
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author Marium Saba
Safia Farooq
Abdulrahman H. Alessa
Kadriye Inan Bektas
Ali Osman Belduz
Alam Zeb Khan
Aamer Ali Shah
Malik Badshah
Samiullah Khan
author_facet Marium Saba
Safia Farooq
Abdulrahman H. Alessa
Kadriye Inan Bektas
Ali Osman Belduz
Alam Zeb Khan
Aamer Ali Shah
Malik Badshah
Samiullah Khan
author_sort Marium Saba
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction This study explores the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis of AgNPs was characterized by a color change from transparent to dark brown and a UV-Vis absorption peak at 450 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation. The study further investigates the structural, morphological, and functional properties of these AgNPs, particularly their antibacterial activity and their potential role in azo dye decontamination. Methods and results The FTIR confirmed that AgNPs nanoparticles formation with keratinase. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the prepared AgNPs were crystalline in nature and had face-centered cubic lattice planes. When observed under the transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope the nanoparticles were monodispersed spheres of different sizes. The diameter of the AgNPs was ~ 119 nm according to dynamic light scattering. High dispersion, long-term stability and excellent colloidal properties were supported by a high negative zeta potential value. The silver nanoparticles were found to have an antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition 25 mm and 33 mm against pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. The synthesized zero-valent silver nanoparticles assisted in the decontamination of azo dyes (methyl red, methyl orange, safranin O and methyl violet) through the incorporation of sodium borohydride and light-catalyzed processes. Conclusion This study demonstrates, for the first time, that keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M can be used for AgNPs synthesis. The biogenic AgNPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity and played a crucial role in detoxifying hazardous azo dyes. These findings highlight the dual-functional potential of AgNPs for applications in antimicrobial treatments and environmental remediation. Future studies should explore their mechanism of action, scalability, and industrial applications. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-c5fad6a86ce44d9488b59673fe0de44b2025-08-20T02:16:59ZengBMCBMC Biotechnology1472-67502025-04-0125111510.1186/s12896-025-00959-5Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M, characterization and applications as novel multifunctional biocatalystMarium Saba0Safia Farooq1Abdulrahman H. Alessa2Kadriye Inan Bektas3Ali Osman Belduz4Alam Zeb Khan5Aamer Ali Shah6Malik Badshah7Samiullah Khan8Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of TabukDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam UniversityAbstract Introduction This study explores the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis of AgNPs was characterized by a color change from transparent to dark brown and a UV-Vis absorption peak at 450 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation. The study further investigates the structural, morphological, and functional properties of these AgNPs, particularly their antibacterial activity and their potential role in azo dye decontamination. Methods and results The FTIR confirmed that AgNPs nanoparticles formation with keratinase. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the prepared AgNPs were crystalline in nature and had face-centered cubic lattice planes. When observed under the transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope the nanoparticles were monodispersed spheres of different sizes. The diameter of the AgNPs was ~ 119 nm according to dynamic light scattering. High dispersion, long-term stability and excellent colloidal properties were supported by a high negative zeta potential value. The silver nanoparticles were found to have an antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition 25 mm and 33 mm against pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. The synthesized zero-valent silver nanoparticles assisted in the decontamination of azo dyes (methyl red, methyl orange, safranin O and methyl violet) through the incorporation of sodium borohydride and light-catalyzed processes. Conclusion This study demonstrates, for the first time, that keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M can be used for AgNPs synthesis. The biogenic AgNPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity and played a crucial role in detoxifying hazardous azo dyes. These findings highlight the dual-functional potential of AgNPs for applications in antimicrobial treatments and environmental remediation. Future studies should explore their mechanism of action, scalability, and industrial applications. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-025-00959-5Microbial keratinaseBiogenic synthesisNanoparticlesAntimicrobialDye decontamination
spellingShingle Marium Saba
Safia Farooq
Abdulrahman H. Alessa
Kadriye Inan Bektas
Ali Osman Belduz
Alam Zeb Khan
Aamer Ali Shah
Malik Badshah
Samiullah Khan
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M, characterization and applications as novel multifunctional biocatalyst
BMC Biotechnology
Microbial keratinase
Biogenic synthesis
Nanoparticles
Antimicrobial
Dye decontamination
title Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M, characterization and applications as novel multifunctional biocatalyst
title_full Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M, characterization and applications as novel multifunctional biocatalyst
title_fullStr Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M, characterization and applications as novel multifunctional biocatalyst
title_full_unstemmed Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M, characterization and applications as novel multifunctional biocatalyst
title_short Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Keratinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-C1M, characterization and applications as novel multifunctional biocatalyst
title_sort green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using keratinase from pseudomonas aeruginosa c1m characterization and applications as novel multifunctional biocatalyst
topic Microbial keratinase
Biogenic synthesis
Nanoparticles
Antimicrobial
Dye decontamination
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-025-00959-5
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